基于GIS的浙江省高速公路大雾灾害风险区划  

GIS-based Risk Regionalization of Fog Disaster on Highway in Zhejiang Province

作　　者：杨忠恩[1] 顾婷婷[1] 潘娅英[1] Yang Zhongen Gu Tingting Pan Yaying(Zhejiang Meteorological Service Center, Hangzhou 310017)

机构地区：[1]浙江省气象服务中心,浙江杭州310017

出　　处：《气象科技》2017年第4期756-760,共5页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江省科技厅公益性技术研究社会发展重点项目"浙江省高速公路气象风险区划及预报预警服务技术研究"(2014C23003);浙江省气象局精细化专业气象服务技术"创新团队"项目"高速公路气象灾害风险评估技术研究"(2013ZD08)资助

摘　　要：大雾是影响高速公路交通安全与运营效率的最主要的灾害天气之一。基于2004—2013年浙江省68个气象站大雾观测资料、基础地理信息数据以及高速公路历史灾情数据,开展浙江省高速公路大雾灾害风险区划研究。依据自然灾害风险分析原理,构建高速公路大雾灾害风险区划指标体系,以浙江省大雾出现的频次和持续时间作为大雾灾害的危险性评价指标;以因大雾导致的高速公路交通事故率、高速公路封路频次和持续时间作为脆弱性评价指标;以高速公路客运量和货运量作为暴露性评价指标。在ArcGIS的空间信息技术支持下,采用层次分析法和综合评价方法,建立了高速公路大雾灾害风险评估模型,最终完成浙江省高速公路大雾灾害风险区划图。区划结果表明,高风险区路段占全省路段总长的15.13%,主要分布在申嘉湖高速南浔段以及嘉善段、杭州湾环线高速萧山至越城段、杭州绕城西线高速、常台高速上虞至嵊州段、诸永高速诸暨至磐安段、沪昆高速诸暨段以及柯城段。Fog weather is one of the most important meteorological disasters affecting the traffic safety and management.Based on the fog observation data from 68 stations in Zhejiang from 2004 to 2013,the geographic information and the historical traffic loss data,the risk regionalization of the fog disasters on highway in Zhejiang Province is conducted.The risk assessment index sets of fog disasters are established on the basis of the assessment of natural disaster risk theory.The frequency and duration of fogs are taken as the hazard index,and the traffic accident data rate,the frequency and duration of traffic closing are taken as the vulnerability index,and the passenger and freight volume are taken as the exposure index.The ArcGIS spatial analysis technique,weighted comprehensive evaluation,and analytic hierarchy process method are used to set up the comprehensive risk evaluation model of fog disasters.According to this model,a risk zoning map is compiled.The results show that the highway with high risk accounts for 15.13% of the total highway length.The higher risk sections are mainly located in the sections of Shenjiahu Highway arround the Nanxun and Jiangshan,Hangzhou Bay Ring from Xiaoshan to Yuecheng,the west Hangzhou Ring Highway,Chang-Tai Highway from Shangyu to Shengzhou,Zhu-Yong Highway from Zhuji to Panan,Shanghai-Kunming Highway from Zhuji to Kecheng.The research results can provide scientific references for highway management departments of disaster prevention and mitigation plans.

关 键 词：大雾 高速公路 GIS 风险区划 

分 类 号：P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]