滴头选型对玉米生长发育及产量的影响  

Impact from selection of emitter on growth and yield of maize

作　　者：梁飞[1,2,3] 王国栋[2,4] 王克全 郭斌[5] 陈云 曾胜和[2,4] LIANG Fei WANG Guodong WANG Kequan GUO Bin CHEN Yun ZENG Shenghe(School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang＇an University, Xi＇an 710064, Shaanxi, China Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil-fertilizer, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agrieuhural Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China Shihezi Experimental Station for Crop Efficient Water Use of Ministry of Agrieuhure, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang＇an University, Xi＇an 710064, Shaanxi, China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学环境科学与工程学院,陕西西安710064 [2]新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所,新疆石河子832000 [3]长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710064 [4]农业部作物高效用水石河子科学观测实验站,新疆石河子832000 [5]新疆农垦科学院作物研究所,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《水利水电技术》2017年第7期151-156,共6页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460550);兵团科技攻关与成果转化计划项目(2016AC008);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD42B01);863计划(2011AA100508)

摘　　要：以分析滴头流量对玉米生长发育及其产量的影响为目标,在石河子科学观测实验站选择郑单958开展玉米膜下滴灌试验,选择四种内镶式滴头和一种迷宫式滴头,从出苗率、株高、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、干物质、产量等方面分析滴头流量对玉米生长的影响。结果表明:一周后新疆大田作物普遍采用的迷宫式2.4 L/h出流量滴灌带(L5)和内镶式1.38 L/h出流量滴灌带(L4)出苗率较高,但内镶式3.0 L/h出流量滴灌带(L1)总出苗率最高;内镶式2.4 L/h出流量滴灌带(L2)株高最高,内镶式2.0 L/h出流量滴灌带(L3)叶面积指数最高,内镶式滴灌带处理的产量均高于迷宫式滴灌带。滴灌玉米拔节期、吐丝期和成熟期整株生物量均随着滴头流量减小而呈现单峰增长趋势;L2处理产量最高,较L1增产幅度为27.29%。本试验条件下,滴头流量2.038 L/h时滴灌玉米理论产量最高为15 377.66 kg/hm^2,建议玉米膜下滴灌滴头流量选择内镶式2.0~2.4 L/h之间的滴灌带。该试验结果对干旱区发展高效农业节水灌溉具有参考价值。By taking the impact from emitter flow rate on the growth and yield of maize as the study objective,the maize of Zhengdan 958 is selected for carrying out the experiment on the under-mulching-drip irrigation of maize in Shihezi Experimental Station for crop efficient water use,for which four kinds of insert-emitters and a kind of labyrinth emitter are selected for analyzing the impact from the flow rate of emitter on the growth of maize from the aspects of seedling rate,plant height,leaf area index,chlorophyll content,and dry matter,yield,etc. The result shows that the seedling rates from both the labyrinth emitter drip irrigation belt with the flow rate of 2. 4 L/h（ L5） and the insert emitter drip irrigation belt with the flow rate of 1. 38 L/h（ L4）widely adopted for the field corps in Xinjiang after a week are higher,however,the total seedling rate of the insert emitter drip irrigation belt with the flow rate of 3. 0 L/h（ L1） is the highest,the plant height of the insert emitter drip irrigation belt with the flow rate of 2. L/h（ L2） is the highest,the leaf area index of the insert emitter drip irrigation belt with the flow rate of 2. 0 L/h（ L3） is the highest,while all the yields from the treatment with the insert emitters are higher than those treated with the labyrinth emitter drip irrigated belts. During the jointing stage,silking stage and maturing stage of maize,the biomass of the whole plant presents an single-peak increasing trend along with the decrease of the flow rate of emitter,and then the yield from the treatment with L2 is the highest with the yield increasing amplitude of 27. 29%,if compared with that treated with L1. Under the condition of this experiment,the highest theoretical yield of the drip irrigated maize is 15 377. 66 kg/hm2,when the flow rate of emitter is2. 038 L/h,thus the insert drip irrigation belt with the flow rate of 2. 0 ~ 2. 4 L/h is suggested to be selected for the flow rate of the emitter for the under-mulching-drip irrigation of maize. The experiment resu

关 键 词：玉米 滴灌系统 滴头流量 经济产量 节水灌溉 水分利用效率 西北地区 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S274.1