巴西生物遗传资源获取与惠益分享管理制度研究  

Management System of Access to Biological Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing in Brazil

作　　者：武建勇[1] 王爱华[2] 孟蕊 赵富伟[1] 戴蓉[1] WU Jian- yong WANG Ai- hua MENG Rui ZHAO Fu- wei DAI Rong(Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042 Foreign Economic Corporation Center,Ministry of Environmental Protection ,Beijing 100035 South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641)

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [2]环境保护部环境保护对外合作中心,北京100035 [3]华南理工大学,广州510641

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2017年第5期920-924,共5页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：生物多样性保护专项(2111101)

摘　　要：巴西是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一,同时也曾一度是世界遗传资源的主要提供者。巴西很早就意识到保护本国生物遗传资源的重要性,巴西政府于2001年发布了《巴西保护生物多样性和遗传资源暂行条例》。随后又对《暂行条例》进行了数十次修订,直到2015年由总统签署以宪法修正案的形式通过了《生物多样性保护法》(第13.123号法律)。巴西立法对有关概念和术语做了比《名古屋议定书》更为详细的区分和解释,并分别对生物遗传资源与传统知识的获取、审批、转让、惠益分享、行政处罚等内容做出了规定。为了更好地管理生物遗传资源,巴西还成立了"遗传资源委员会(CGEN)",并建立了"国家惠益分享基金(FNRB)"。中国与巴西同属生物多样性大国,且国情相似,本文对巴西遗传资源立法过程及其在遗传资源获取程序、管理机构、惠益分享等方面的相关规定进行了系统整理分析,为国内立法提供参考依据。Brazil is one of the most abundant biodiversity countries in the world. It has once been the main provider of genetic resources in the world. Brazil government has been aware of the importance in protecting its own biological genetic resources for a long time and announced＂The Provisional Regulation on Protection of Biodiversity and Genetic Resources of Brazil＂in 2001. Since then,the provisional regulation has been amended for several times. In 2015,a form of constitutional amendment,Biodiversity Law（ the Law 13. 123）,was signed by the president and issued. This law distinguished and explained the concepts and terminology clearer and more detailed than those of Nagoya Protocol. It made provisions for access approval,transfer,benefit sharing,administrative penalties and other contents of the biological genetic resources and traditional knowledge. Brazil also set up the＂Genetic Heritage Management Council（ CGEN） ＂and the ＂National Fund to Benefit Sharing（ FNRB） ＂to strengthen conservation of genetic resources in Brazil. Because China and Brazil are both magedivesity countries and have similar conditions,this paper summarized the contents of the legislation of genetic resources in Brazil including the development procedure,management mechanism,provisions of access to genetic resources and benefit sharing,which would provide reference for making domestic legislation in China.

关 键 词：巴西 生物遗传资源 名古屋议定书 获取与惠益分享 

分 类 号：D977.7[政治法律—法学] D996.9DD912.6