果农施肥用药认知与安全生产行为的关系分析——基于库尔勒香梨种植户的调查  

Analysis of the Relationship Between the Fruit Farmers' Cognition of Using Agrichemicals and Fertilizer and the Behavior of Production Safety——Investigation based on Korla Pear Growers

作　　者：张旭升[1] 李青[1] Zhang Xusheng Li Qing(College of Economic and Management, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 84330)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学经济与管理学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《塔里木大学学报》2017年第3期62-70,共9页Journal of Tarim University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAC14B05);新疆生产建设兵团软科学项目(2015CC003)

摘　　要：基于库尔勒香梨典型种植区335户果农对施肥用药相关认知及安全生产行为的相关调查和研究,发现:(1)2000-2015年巴州地区香梨种植中化肥农药施用量呈不断增长趋势,2015年化肥使用密度是国际公认使用密度上限的3.18倍,农药使用密度为重度污染线的2.26倍;(2)果农对化肥农药的相关认知显著影响其安全生产行为。样本区62.38%的果农不了解有机肥和生物农药,故有安全生产行为的比例仅为22.69%。高达56%的果农对过量使用化肥农药带来的环境问题认知不足,57%的受访户对农药残留造成的危害了解不够,导致80.68%的果农存在过量过次施用农药的不安全生产行为;(3)种植户购买化肥农药行为与其安全生产行为具有相关性。选择在政府指定网点或农资专卖店购买化肥农药,并且能够在当地技术员的指导下正确施用的果农,有安全生产行为的平均达到73%。加大科技培训、建立化肥农药补偿机制是提高种植户合理投入、科学管理的有效措施。Based on the related investigation and study about pesticide use cognition and work safety in 335 orchardists who are plant- ing Korla pear in the typical plantations, it showed that： （1） In 2005 -2015 ,the usage of fertilizer and pesticide in Bazhou is on the rise . In 2015 ,the usage of fertilizer in unit area was 3. 18 times higher than that in international official record ceiling. So did the pes- ticide. The unit area usage was 2. 26 times higher than that in intense pollution level; （2） The degree of orchardists＇ mastering the knowledge of fertilizer and pesticides made a significant difference in safety production. There were 62. 38% of all the orchardists who didn＇ t know about organic fertilizer and biological pesticide in the sample area. So there were only 22. 69% of all the orchardists who can work safely. Up on 56% of all the orchardists had not realized the seriousness of the environment that polluted by excessively using fertilizer and pesticide. 57 % of the interviewees didn＇ t know the pesticide residue hazard which lead to over dose and frequency usage of fertilizer in 80. 68% of all the orchardists; （3） There is correlation between purchase fertilizer and pesticide and safety production.If they buy fertilizer and pesticide in the government designated network or the agricuhural store and follow the local technicians＇ guid- ance, 73% of the farmers can work safely. Stepping up science training and setting up compensation mechanism are the effective meas- ures to improve planters＇ reasonable input and scientific management.

关 键 词：库尔勒香梨 施肥用药 安全行为 认知 

分 类 号：S9[农业科学—水产科学]