输电铁塔双轴加速度传感器优化布置  

Optimal placement of biaxial acceleration sensor for transmission towers

作　　者：王璋奇[1,2] 王剑 Wang Zhangqi Wang Jian(Department of Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense, Baoding 071003, China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学机械工程系,保定071003 [2]河北省输变电设备安全防御重点实验室,保定071003

出　　处：《仪器仪表学报》2017年第9期2200-2209,共10页Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务专项基金(2015XS119)项目资助

摘　　要：研究输电铁塔结构振动测量用双轴加速度传感器的优化布置问题。以三维模态置信准则(TMAC)为基础,提出一种新的考虑减小冗余度的二维模态置信准则法(RRBMAC法),以实现双轴加速度传感器优化布置,该方法基于改进的二维列主元QR分解获得传感器初始布点,再结合BMAC矩阵非对角元最大值和测点冗余度建立目标函数进行寻优。采用EFI2法和RRBMAC法对钢管塔进行传感器优化布置,采用两个水平方向的模态置信准则和最大奇异值比值对布点方案进行评价,结果显示两种方法的优化效果均首先随传感器数量增加而增强,而后趋于平稳,RRBMAC法较EFI2法能够获得更好的布置效果,且在传感器数目较少的情况下,RRBMAC法即表现出较好的优化能力。另外,采用EFI2法和RRBMAC法对一基格构式输电铁塔进行传感器优化布置,对比分析结果显示RRBMAC法能够获得较好的布置方案。采用优化的传感器布置方式对铁塔进行风振响应实测,并采用NEx T-ERA方法识别铁塔固有频率和阻尼系数,与模态分析结果对比显示NEx T-ERA方法能够提取得到较精确的频率结果。This paper studies the optimal placement problem of biaxial acceleration sensor used for structural vibration measurement of transmission tower. On the basis of TMAC method, a novel method called Redundancy Reduced Biaxial Modal Assurance Criterion （RRBMAC） method is proposed to realize the optimal placement of biaxial acceleration sensor. The method uses improved two- dimension column pivot QR factorization to gain initial sensor positions. The objective function is established based on the maximum value of non-diagonal element in BMAC matrix and measurement point redundancy, and optimization is carried out. EFI2 method and RRBMAC method were adopted to conduct the optimal sensor placement of a steel tube tower. Modal Assurance Criterion and Maximum Singular Value Decomposition Ratio along two horizontal directions were adopted to evaluate the achieved sensor placement scheme. The results show that the optimization effects of the two methods both firstly increase with the number of the sensors, and then tend to stable. RRBMAC method has better placement effects than EFI2 method and RRBMAC method can obtain pretty good optimization capability even when the number of sensors is few. In addition, the two methods were used to carry out the optimal sensor placement of a lattice transmission tower, and the comparison and analysis results show that the RRBMAC method can obtain better placement scheme. The optimal method should be chosen according to the number of sensors together with the focal point of the test. For different number of sensors, the optimal sensor placement method and some sensor placement schemes are presented. Wind-induced vibration response experiment on the tower was carried out using the optimized sensor placement scheme, and NExT-ERA method is adopted to identify the natural frequencies and damping coefficients. Compared with the modal analysis results, the results show that the NExT-ERA method can extract accurate frequency results.

关 键 词：传感器优化布置 双轴加速度传感器 输电铁塔 有效独立法 模态置信准则 

分 类 号：TH825[机械工程—仪器科学与技术] TM726.1[机械工程—精密仪器及机械]