利用无人机摄影测量技术提取复杂冲积扇面构造活动信息——以新疆巴里坤盆地南缘冲积扇面为例  

USING UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY TECHNOLOGY TO EXTRACT INFORMATION OF TECTONIC ACTIVITY OF COMPLEX ALLUVIAL FAN——A CASE STUDY OF AN ALLUVIAL FAN IN THE SOUTHERN MARGIN OF BARKOL BASIN

作　　者：高帅坡 冉勇康[1] 吴富峣[1] 徐良鑫[1,2] 王虎[1] 梁明剑[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地质研究所,北京100029 [2]陕西省地震局,西安710068 [3]四川省地震局,成都610041

出　　处：《地震地质》2017年第4期793-804,共12页Seismology and Geology

基　　金：财政部重点项目"全国地震重点监视防御区活动断层地震危险性评价"(1521044025)资助

摘　　要：由于自然改造的持续,地貌形态复杂,判断发育过程中的冲积扇是否经历过构造作用,一直是活动构造研究中的难点之一。近年来发展起来的无人机航空摄影测量技术在构造地貌数据采集方面有着突出的优势。文中结合野外调查和探槽等相关工作,利用无人机航空摄影测量技术对新疆巴里坤盆地南缘断裂上一处复杂的冲积扇面进行了高精度的DEM和DOM数据采集。针对正在发育的复杂冲积扇面,在对DEM进行地形解析和图像处理的基础上,采取了对扇面进行次级分区、逐个研究、相互佐证的方法,通过在次级分区内建立剖面集进行单独分析和邻近分区对比分析,明确了冲积扇面发育过程中经历的构造作用和2.5m的垂直变形量,显示该技术方法是识别复杂冲积扇残存构造信息并提取相关活动构造参数的有效手段。Alluvial fans that are in the process of development always show complex geomorphic features due to natural modification. Accordingly,analyzing these fans whether to be influenced by tectonic deformation is one of the technique difficulties in active tectonic studies. Complex alluvial fans are the focus of the study of active tectonics such as fracture mapping and activity behavior analysis,for they have often retained important structural information. Traditional measurement methods,such as satellite remote sensing,RTK GPS and Lidar,are difficult to meet the demand for the study of micro tectonic deformation because of the reason of accuracy or cost performance. The recent UAV photogrammetry technology,due to its many advantages such as low cost,high resolution,and efficiency of exporting DEM and DOM data,has been widely used in three-dimensional modeling,ground mapping and other fields. In the quantitative study of active tectonics,this technology fills up the deficiency in the research of the micro structure of the traditional measurement. Through detailed field investigations and paleoseismic trenching,we further used this technology to obtain the topographic data of a complex alluvial fan located at the southern marginal fault of Barkol Basin,Xinjiang. Pointing at the alluvial fans that are in the process of development,and on the basis of topographic analysis and image processing for DEM,we take the research method of secondary partitions of the geomorphic surface and cut the alluvial fans longitudinally according to the difference of its age. Through the establishment of profile cluster within each partition,separate analysis and data contrast with the adjacent partitions,we acquired the tectonic activity information during the development of alluvial fan. The tectonic vertical deformation of this alluvial fan is about 2. 5m.

关 键 词：无人机摄影测量技术 冲积扇地貌 巴里坤盆地南缘 构造活动信息 

分 类 号：P315.2[天文地球—地震学]