基于微波辐射计测量呼和浩特地区水汽特征的初步分析  

Preliminary Analysis of the Characteristics of Water Vapor Based on the Ground-Based 35-Channel Microwave Radiometer in Hohhot

作　　者：史金丽 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古气象科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《内蒙古气象》2017年第4期17-23,共7页Meteorology Journal of Inner Mongolia

基　　金：内蒙古气象局科技创新资助项目(nmqxkjcx201506)

摘　　要：对比分析多通道微波辐射计、GNSS/MET(GPS)与常规探空观测资料,利用微波辐射计观测资料分析呼和浩特地区水汽分布特征。结果表明:微波辐射计的温度廓线在3km以下比较准确,相对湿度和水汽密度在2km以下具有参考价值。微波辐射计、GPS与探空测量水汽的绝对误差分别为0.38cm与1.0cm,且均高于探空值。呼和浩特地区水汽具有明显的季节变化与日变化特征,夏季水汽平均值最大,为2.59cm,秋季其次,为1.52cm,春季和冬季分别为0.96cm和0.54cm。四个季节的水汽日较差夏季(0.20cm)>秋季(0.17cm)>冬季(0.14cm)春季(0.09cm),水汽的日变化率冬季(26.63%)>秋季(12.01%)>春季(9.63%)>夏季(8.53%)。水汽最大值、最小值出现频率具有一定特征,不同季节水汽最大值出现在23:00—23:59的概率最大,最小值在00:00—00:59出现的概率最大。The multi-channel microwave radiometer, GNSS/MET （GPS） and conventional sounding observations were compared and analyzed. Using the microwave radiometer analyzed the characteristics of water vapor in Hohhot. The temperature profle of microwave radiometer is more accurate below 3km, nevertheless, the relative humidity and water vapor density has a reference value below 2km. The error of water vapor between microwave radiometer, GPS and sounding are 0.38cm and 1.0cm, respectively, and are higher than the sounding value. The water vapor in Hohhot has obvious seasonal variation and diurnal variation. The maximum of the average water vapor is 2.59cm in summer, followed by autumn which value is 1.52cm. The average water vapor is 0.96cm and 0.54cm in spring and winter. Daily range of water vapor is summer （0.20cm）〉 autumn （0.17cm）〉 winter （0.14cm） 〉 spring （0.09cm）, but he diurnal variation rate of water vapor of the four season is winter （26.63%） 〉 autumn （12.01%）〉 spring 9.63%） 〉 summer （8.53%）. The maximum/minimum frequency of water vapor has certain characteristics, the probability of maximum and minimum of water vapor is greatest in 23： 00- 23： 59 and 00： 00 - 00： 59 in different seasons, respectively.

关 键 词：多通道微波辐射计 探空 呼和浩特地区 水汽 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]