数控凸轮轴磨床误差建模与辨识技术理论研究  

Error modeling and identification technology for a CNC camshaft grinder

作　　者：范晋伟[1] 王鸿亮[1] 唐宇航[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学机械工程与应用电子技术学院,北京100124

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2017年第18期257-264,共8页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51275014);国家科技重大专项(2013ZX04011013)

摘　　要：以某类型数控凸轮轴磨床为研究对象,通过对其结构和运动的分析,确定了该机床共有21项误差参数。通过建立含有误差参数的相邻体坐标系运动关系模型,将机床运动体划分为"床身-工件"和"床身-刀具"两条运动链,建立了该机床的拓扑结构图,然后采用多体系统理论对该机床误差进行了建模;对各运动体分别建立了体坐标系和运动参考坐标系,结合相邻体坐标系运动关系模型求出对应的变换矩阵,提出了有误差影响情况下实现精密加工约束条件方程为P_w=P_t,并对该方程进行了求解;建立了凸轮轴磨削加工时X-C轴联动的数学模型,求出了磨削点在工件坐标系和刀具坐标系中的坐标。对影响凸轮轴加工的15项误差参数使用球杆仪采用3种测量方式进行了辨识,这为机床误差补偿的研究提供了必要条件。Taking certain type of CNC camshaft grinders as the research object,through the analysis of its structure and movement to determine a total of 21 error parameters,a model describing the motion relations between adjacent body coordinate systems containing the error parameters was established. The machine movements were classified into two kinematic chains： the ＂ bed-workpiece ＂ and ＂ bed-tool ＂. The topological structure of the machine tool was built and then the multi-body system theory was applied to model the errors of the machine tool. Body coordinate systems and motion reference coordinate systems were set up on each moving body and the corresponding transformation matrix was derived by joinning the motion relation models between adjacent body coordinate systems. In order to achieve precision machining in the case of the existance of influential errors,a constraint equation P_w= P_t was put forward and solved. A mathematical model of the X-C axis linkage during camshaft grinding was proposed to work out the grinding point coordinates in the workpiece coordinate system and tool coordinate system. Three kinds of measurement methods were provided to identify 15 error parameters affecting the camshaft machining by using a cue instrument,which provides necessary conditions to research the machine tool error compensation.

关 键 词：数控凸轮轴磨床 运动分析 多体系统 误差建模 误差辨识 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]