2010～2016年衡阳市职业高危人群禽流感感染及外环境禽流感病毒监测流行性分析  

Epidemiological analysis on the high risk population and environment of avian influenza virus in Hengyang,2010-2016

作　　者：罗强[1] 刘军[1] 周志华[1] 李桀[1] 刘英豪[1] 朱玲[1] 谭红[1] 罗小成[1] 杨杰 陈秋生[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省衡阳市疾病预防控制中心,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《当代医学》2017年第28期4-8,共5页Contemporary Medicine

基　　金：2014年湖南省医药卫生科研项目(B2014-156)

摘　　要：目的了解衡阳市职业外环境禽流感病毒的分布情况,掌握职业暴露人群禽流感病毒感染状况及其流行病学规律。方法2010~2016年采集衡阳市职业暴露人群血清标本742份,应用红细胞血凝抑制试验法(H1)检测H5N1亚型流感病毒抗体。采集衡阳市家禽养殖地和农贸市场环境样本2 008份,采用荧光定量-PCR技术检测禽流感病毒(AIV)及分型。结果 2010~2016年共检测职业暴露人群血清标本742份,H5N1抗体检测阳性23份,阳性检出率3.10%,不同职业暴露人群血清检测阳性率总体差异无有统计学意义(c2=1.84,P>0.05)。2010~2016年检测外环境标本样2 008份,检出A型病毒阳性464份,阳性率23.11%,检出最多的为A型H9亚型流感病毒,占检出的病毒株53.66%(249/464)。2016年外环境标本阳性检出率为38.36%(145/378),高于其他年份,差异有统计学意义(c2=105.6,P<0.05)。第三季度外环境标本阳性检出率6.21%(18/290),明显低于其他季度,差异有统计学意义(c2=56.31,P<0.05)。禽类清洗污水44.64%(175/392),高于其他标本来源,差异有统计学意义(c2=166.57,P<0.05)。雁峰区外环境标本阳性检出率为35.32%(148/419),高于其他监测点,差异有统计学意义(c2=64.32,P<0.05)。结论我市禽类外环境中存在禽流感病毒(AIV)并具有年度冬春季流行趋势,职业暴露人群中存在隐性感染者,应加强重点场所监测和宣传教育。Objective To analyze the avian influenza virus status of external environment of professional in Hengyang, to master the virus infection and popular of the occupational exposure population. Methods 742 serum samples were collected from the population and influenza virus was detected by erythrocyte hemagglutination inhibition assay. 2 008 environment specimens from the poultry wholesale and farmers＇ markets were detected for Flu-A（AIV） by PCR, from 2010 to 2016 in Hengyang. Results 23 of 742 serum samples were positive for serum antibody detection from 2010 to 2016, with the positive rate of 3.10%. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of serum detection among different occupational exposure population（χ^2=1.84, p〉0.05）. 464 of 2 008 environment specimens were positive for influenza A virus detection from 2010 to2016, with the positive rate of 23.11%. H9（Flu-A） accounted for 53.66%（249/464）. The detection rates in 2016（145/378） was higher than other years（χ^2=105.6, p〈0.05）. The detection rates in the third quarter 6.21%（18/290） was lower than that in other quarters（χ^2=56.31, p〈0.05）. The detection rates were high in environment specimens in water used for washing poultry 44.64%（175/392）（χ^2=166.57, p〈0.05）. District of Yanfen35.32%（148/419） were high other observation point（χ^2=64.32, p〈0.05）. Conclusions The circulation of avian influenza virus is active during winter-spring in Hengyang. There are recessive infections in occupational exposure populations. It is necessary to conduct target surveillance and health education among the people exposed.

关 键 词：禽流感 职业暴露 环境监测 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学] R511.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]