生物炭与秸秆还田对水稻土碳氮转化及相关酶活性的影响  

Effects of Biochar and Straw Returning on Paddy Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Transformation and Soil Enzyme Activities

作　　者：李娜 范树茂 陈梦凡 于庆 罗培宇 杨劲峰 兰宇[2] 韩晓日 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室,沈阳110161 [2]沈阳农业大学辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2017年第4期431-438,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家公益性行业专项项目(201303095);国家重点研发项目(2016YFD0200105);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD08B04)

摘　　要：通过秸秆炭化还田和秸秆直接还田对比试验研究生物炭与秸秆还田对土壤碳氮转化相关酶、微生物量碳及矿质态氮的影响,为秸秆炭化还田生产实践提供科学依据。采用田间微区试验,基于等氮磷钾养分设计,设置6个施肥处理:不施肥(CK)、单施生物炭(C)、单施秸秆(S)、氮磷钾化肥配施(NPK)、生物炭配施氮磷钾(CNPK)和秸秆配施氮磷钾(SNPK)。分别在水稻插秧前(BF)、分蘖盛期(TS)、抽穗期(HS)和成熟期(MS)研究土壤中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性和蛋白酶活性及微生物量碳、矿质态氮含量的动态变化。结果表明:在等氮磷钾养分条件下,秸秆炭化还田和秸秆直接还田均能提高土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和蛋白酶活性、并能增加微生物量碳和矿质态氮含量;且生物炭配施氮磷钾化肥和秸秆配施氮磷钾化肥分别优于单施生物炭和单施秸秆;土壤中的微生物量碳、β-葡萄糖苷酶和蔗糖酶三者之间呈两两显著及极显著相关关系,相关系数分别为:0.894*,0.872*和0.956**;矿质态氮分别与蛋白酶活性、脲酶间呈极显著相关(0.966**)和显著相关(0.834*)。在等氮磷钾养分条件下,秸秆直接还田对土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶和矿质态的促进作用优于秸秆炭化还田。秸秆炭化还田对土壤脲酶、微生物量碳提升作用优于秸秆直接还田。水稻秸秆炭化还田对土壤碳氮转化有促进作用。The effects of biochar and straw on related enzymes in carbon and nitrogen transformation, SMBC and mineral nitrogen were studied. Field microplot experiment was carried out and the treatments were designed as equal amount of NPK nutrients, including no fertilizer （CK）, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium （NPK）, biochar （C）, NPK with biochar （CNPK）, straw （S）, NPK with straw （SNPK）. The dynamic changes of enzyme activities （β -glucosidase, surcease, urease and proteinase） weremonitored, and the contents of SMBC and mineral nitrogen were tested at the stage of BS （before planting）, TS （tillering stage）, （HS）heading stage and （MS）maturation stage, respectively. Results showed that both of straw carbonization returning and straw returning could increase the enzyme activities （β-glucosidase, surcease, urease and proteinase）, and the contents of SMBC and mineral nitrogen as the amount of NPK was equal. Meanwhile, the promotion of CNPK and SNPK was greater than C and S, respectively. There were positive correlation among the SMBC,β-glucosidase, surcease activities and mineral nitrogen content （correlation coefficients： 0.894, 0.872 and 0.956, respectively）. The correlation analysis showed that there was a highly significant positive and significant positive correlation with proteinase and urease activity, respectively （correlation coefficients： 0.966 and 0.834）. The study showed that based on equal NPK amount, straw returning was more helpful to increase β -glucosidase activity, surcease activity, proteinase activity and the content of mineral nitrogen. However, straw carbonization returning was more helpfulto increase urease activity and the content of SMBC. Rice straw carbonization returning could promote carbon and nitrogen transformation of soil.

关 键 词：生物炭 秸秆还田 土壤酶 微生物量碳 矿质态氮 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]