生物炭在土壤中矿化的研究进展  

Research on Mineralization Characteristics of Biochar in Soil

作　　者：张玉兰[1] 曹明明 王俊宇[1] 于清军 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]东北大学生命科学与健康学院,沈阳110169 [3]吉林省梨树县农业技术推广总站,吉林四平136500

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2017年第4期482-487,共6页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201303095);国家自然科学基金项目(41301325)

摘　　要：虽然生物炭因自身特性决定了其矿化缓慢,但生物炭矿化仍能影响土壤生态系统内部及外部物质循环,该方面的研究对于区域碳格局、碳平衡和储碳改土都具有重要意义。人工合成的生物炭的原材料、制备条件以及所处土壤类型的不同,其矿化率不能以自然形成的土壤黑炭类推。研究方法从CO_2流量测定法、常规差减法发展到稳定同位素^(13)C技术的应用,使得生物炭矿化研究更加精确。生物炭特性受其源材料、制备温度、制备过程升温率、最终温度及其后续处理等影响,进一步影响其矿化阶段特点。生物炭矿化的根本是因土壤微生物的作用,而该作用是多种菌群作用的综合效应。自然条件下微生物活性受到诸多外界环境因素(包括土壤类型、土壤温度、水分、通气状况、土壤结构、植被类型和农田管理模式等)的影响,多种因素综合作用使得自然条件下的生物炭矿化速率明显小于培养试验。从生物炭矿化及其研究方法、生物炭矿化阶段、生物炭矿化受影响的诸多因素(包括生物炭来源、制备方法、制备温度、土壤类型、温度、水分和耕作制度等)几个方面分别展开综述,综合分析评述了生物炭输入土壤的矿化特征方面及其微生物学机制的主要研究进展。Biochar mineralization can affect material cycle among the internal or external soil ecosystem, although biochardegrade slowly in soil due to its own characteristics. Researches about biochar mineralization are important for regional pattern of carbon, carbon balance and carbon storage of soil. Researchers little deduce mineralization of man -made biochar based onnatural soil black carbon due to the differences among the raw materials, the reaction conditions for the Preparation of biochar and soil types. The application of stable isotope 13C technology makes the study of biochar mineralization more precise than the CO2 flow measurement and conventional subtraction method. The properties of biochar affected the characteristics of mineralization stage because of the source material, the preparation temperature, the heating rate, the final temperature and the subsequent treatment. The mineralization of biochar is caused by the combined effect of a variety of microbial communities. Microbial activity under natural conditions is affected by many environmental factors （including soil type, soil temperature, moisture and ventilation conditions, soil structure, vegetation types and farmland management mode etc.）, and such factors make the rate of biochar mineralization under natural conditions is significantly less than that in laboratory.Present paper reviewed main research progress on mineralization of biochar in soil, research methods, mineralization stage, and influence factors （biochar source, producing method, producing temperature, soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture and tillage systems）. In sum, we reviewedcomprehensively the mineralization characteristics of biochar in soils and their microbial mechanisms.

关 键 词：生物炭 土壤 矿化 微生物学机制 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S157.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]