草甘膦与氰氟草酯对隆线溞的急性毒性研究  

Acute toxicity study of glyphosate and cyhalofop-butyl to Daphnia carinata

作　　者：李佳 袁玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《草业学报》2017年第9期148-155,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：科技部973课题(2013CB127405)资助

摘　　要：在水生食物链中,水溞是连结植物、微生物和动物的关键成员。草甘膦与氰氟草酯被广泛用于防除水生和稻田杂草,研究它们对水溞的毒性,有益于人们关注使用除草剂对水体生态系统的影响。试验以标准水体监测生物——隆线溞(Daphnia carinata)单克隆为材料,研究草甘膦和氰氟草酯对其泳动能力、存活率和趋光性的影响。结果表明,两种除草剂对隆线溞均有明显毒性,草甘膦对隆线溞24,48和96h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为66.58,29.60和12.33mg/L,为田间常规用药量的0.15%~0.81%;氰氟草酯对隆线溞24,48和96h的LC50依次是63.15,51.91和34.41mg/L,为田间常规用药量的17.21%~31.58%。两种除草剂显著影响隆线溞的泳动能力和趋光指数。隆线溞接触草甘膦和氰氟草酯3h后,导致其趋光指数显著改变的浓度分别是4.59和14.20mg/L,分别为常规用药量的0.06%和7.10%。因此,草甘膦和氰氟草酯对水溞的毒性大,对水生食物链的影响不可忽视。利用水溞趋光性可快速、灵敏地监测除草剂使用后的水体生物毒性。Daphnia is a key organism in the food chains of plants, microbes, and animals in aquat ic ecosystems. Glyphosate is widely applied to crop fields, orchards, green land, and water, and accounts for about 60% of registered herbicides in China. Cyhalofop-butyl is widely used to control Echinochloa crusgalli in p addy fields. The use of these two herbicides has increased markedly in recent years in China. Therefore, it is important to investigate the toxicity of glyphosate and cyhalofop-butyl to zooplankton to understand their effects on aquatic ecosystems. In this study, Daphnia carinata a s ta n d a rd b io -m o n i to r of w a te r q u a l i ty , was cu l t iv a ted in d e-chlorinated tap water and fed with Scenedesmus obliquus a t （20 ＋ 0. 5） °C u n d e r l ig h t a t 1200 lx su pp l ied by f lu -orescent lamps. Four-day-old D. carinata w ere in c u b a ted in so lu t io n s co n ta in in g g ly p h o sa te or cy h alofop -b u ty l at different concentrations. The acute toxicity of these two herbicides to the movement, survival, and photo-taxis of D. carinata was ev alu ated. Both h erb icid es we re tox ic to D. carinata. T h e sem i- le th a l co n c en tra t io n （LC50 ） of glyphosate in 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h was 66. 58, 29. 60, and 12. 33 mg/L, respectively, and that of cy-halofop-butyl was 63. 15, 51. 91, and 34. 41 mg/L, respectively. These dosages represented only 0. 15% - 0. 81 % （glyphosate） and 17. 21 % - 31. 5 8% （c y h a lo fo p -b u ty l） of th o s e ap p lied in th e field. Both g ly p h o sa teand cyhalofop-butyl had significant adverse effects on the swimming ability and phototaxis index of D. carina-ta. The concentrations causing significant c h a n g e s in t h e p h o t o t a x i s i n d e x at 3 h w e r e 4. 59 m g / L for g l y p h o s a t e and 14. 20 mg/L for cyhalofop-butyl ; t h e s e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s c o r r e s p o n d e d to 0. 06% a n d 7. 1 0 % of t h e field

关 键 词：草甘膦 氰氟草酯 隆线溞 急性毒性 

分 类 号：S481.1[农业科学—农药学]