帝国权力更替的开端——20世纪30年代美英太平洋岛屿主权与跨太平洋航空之争  

Twilight of Empire Power Transition:Anglo-American Rivalry over Pacific Islands and Trans-Pacific Air in the 1930s

作　　者：张愿[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2017年第9期36-46,共11页Pacific Journal

基　　金：武汉大学自主科研项目(人文社会科学)"国际社会防止海上事件机制及其对我国处理周边海上争端的启示"研究成果;"中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金"资助

摘　　要：从20世纪30年代中后期开始,围绕中太平洋的二十多个岛礁,美、英两国曾发生过较为激烈的领土主权争端。美国从这场较量中脱颖而出。它充分利用自身优势和国际形势,牢固地把握了主动权,在坚决维护自身在夏威夷的垄断地位的基础上,又借机进入原为英国势力范围的大洋洲腹地,掌握了跨太平洋空中航线,加强了与澳大利亚和新西兰的联系,牢固确立了自己在太平洋事务中的主导地位。而深处内外困境的英国则节节败退,不断失去自己在太平洋的关键据点,甚至无法保护原本属于自己的海外属地。这场美英之争本质上是新技术条件下美、英对太平洋地区秩序的重构。它既反映了太平洋霸权的转移,其结果也加速了霸权转移的过程,宣告了美国主导下的"太平洋世纪"的到来。Since the middle of 1930s,the U.S.and Great Britain had experienced serious competition over the title of more than 20 islands and reefs in the Mid-Pacific region.The U.S.excelled in the competition.Not only did it safeguard its monopoly status in Hawaii,but also took possession of several key islands in the Southwestern Pacific,which used to be traditional sphere of interest of the British Empire.By contrast,although the British government was aware of the danger of island disputes from the very beginning,it could hardly take effective measures to confront the U.S.,but had to count on good will of the U.S..The competition between the U.S.and Great Britain,in essence,was a reflection of order reconstruction in the Pacific region with the help of new technology.It illustrated the transition of power in the Pacific region,which in turn boosted the power transition,and witnessed the emergence of the time in which the U.S.dominated the Pacific.

关 键 词：美英关系 太平洋 岛屿主权 航空 

分 类 号：K6[历史地理—历史学]