世界首个海洋天然气水合物固态流化开采大型物理模拟实验系统  

The first global physical simulation experimental systems for the exploitation of marine natural gas hydrates through solid fluidization

作　　者：赵金洲 周守为 张烈辉 伍开松 郭平 李清平 付强[3] 高杭 魏纳 

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学"油气藏地质及开发工程"国家重点实验室 [2]中海油研究总院 [3]中国海洋石油总公司 [4]宏华集团

出　　处：《天然气工业》2017年第9期15-22,共8页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"海洋水合物固态流化测试新技术"(编号:2016YFC0304008)

摘　　要：天然气水合物(以下简称水合物)分别蕴藏于海洋和陆地永冻土带中,但前者的储量约为后者的100倍。海洋环境中的大部分脉状、块状水合物以及细粒沉积物中的水合物都属于非成岩天然气水合物,一般没有像常规油气藏和砂岩水合物储层那样稳定的圈闭构造。针对海洋非成岩水合物的物理特征、成藏特点,依据水合物固态流化开采法的工艺流程,建立了世界首个海洋天然气水合物固态流化开采实验室。该实验室定位于"全自动化的白领型实验室",实验系统共分为大样品快速制备及破碎、高效管输、高效分离、快速检测等模块单元。该实验室的主体功能包括:(1)高效破岩能力评级;(2)海洋天然气水合物层流化试采携岩能力评价;(3)水合物非平衡分解规律及流态动变规律评价;(4)不同机械开采速率条件下水合物安全输送;(5)井控安全规律模拟。该实验室的关键技术指标:工作压力12 MPa、水平管长度65 m、立管长度30 m、管径3英寸。该实验室能模拟1 200 m水深的全过程水合物固态流化开采工艺过程,是西南石油大学联合中国海洋石油总公司、宏华集团原始创新自主设计、自主研发的标志性实验室。Natural gas hydrates （NGHs） are restored in seas and terrestrial frozen soil on the earth. Marine NGH reserves are about 100 times that in land. In a marine environment, most of the veins-like or bulk hydrates and hydrates in fine-grained sediments belong to non- diagenetic NGHs, and there is no such a stable entrapment structure like a conventional hydrocarbon reservoir or sandstone hydrate res- ervoir. According to the physical characteristics and reservoir characteristics of marine NGHs, Southwest Petroleum University innova- tively proposed a solid fluidization exploitation method, and established the first global laboratory for the solid fluidization exploitation of marine NGHs. This lab owns high-quality devices and equipment as well as automatic experimental systems, which consist of several modules including rapid preparation of large samples ＆ fragmentation, efficient pipe transportation, efficient separation, rapid detection and so on. Its main functions are rating of efficient rock breaking capacity, evaluation of rock carrying capacity in marine NGH fluidiza- tion pilot exploitation, evaluation of hydrate non-equilibrium decomposition and flow patterns dynamic change laws, safe hydrate trans- portation under different mining rates, and simulation of well control safety. Its key technical indicators are as follows： 12 MPa working pressure, 65 m-long horizontal pipes, 30 m-long standpipes, and three-inch pipe diameter. In this lab the whole process of solid fluidiza- tion exploitation of NGHs 1 200 meters deep under water can be simulated, which is a landmark of this laboratory with original innova- tion, independent design, independent research and development. It was jointly built by the Southwest Petroleum University, CNOOC and the Honghua Group Limited.

关 键 词：天然气水合物 固态流化开采 实验室 全过程模拟 制备系统 破碎系统 管输系统 西南石油大学 

分 类 号：TE53[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]