上海市黄浦区3～6岁儿童乘车安全行为及家长认知情况调查  

Investigation on child passengers' safety riding behaviors and relevant awareness among parents of children aged 3-6 years in Huangpu District of Shanghai

作　　者：李为翊 高淑娜[1] 何丽华[1] 陈铭灵 苏慧佳[2] 付朝伟[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海市黄浦区疾病预防控制中心肿瘤伤害防治科,上海200023 [2]上海市疾病预防控制中心伤害防治科,上海200336 [3]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200032

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2017年第9期759-764,共6页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：上海市黄浦区科技项目计划(编号:HKW201553);上海市卫生和计划生育委员会科研课题计划(编号:20164y0197)

摘　　要：[目的]调查上海市黄浦区3~6岁儿童家长在儿童乘车安全方面的行为和知识,了解儿童家长对安全座椅立法的知晓情况。[方法]采用自填式问卷调查的方法对黄浦区整群随机抽取的有车家庭1 119名3~6岁儿童家长开展调查,问卷主要内容包括儿童乘车行为、儿童安全座椅使用情况以及家长对儿童乘车安全知识及立法的知晓情况等。[结果]儿童乘车出行使用儿童安全座椅的占37.6%(421/1 119),使用汽车安全带的占33.2%(371/1 119),家长怀抱的占10.5%(118/1 119)。不同年龄组儿童乘车行为不同(χ~2=83.811,P=0.000),6岁组儿童使用汽车安全带的比例为43.2%(251/581)。不同乘车出行距离儿童乘车行为不同(χ~2=5.878,P=0.015),出行距离小于3 km的家庭,使用儿童安全座椅的比例为31.3%(72/230)。驾驶员佩戴安全带及家长对儿童乘车安全的认知正确者儿童安全座椅的使用率较高,分别是不佩戴安全带和认识错误者的2.604倍与6.744倍。儿童安全座椅立法知晓率为28.3%(317/1 119)。[结论]上海市黄浦区儿童乘车出行存在过早使用安全带、家长怀抱等不安全的乘车行为,儿童安全座椅使用率低。家长对儿童安全乘车行为及安全带的使用存在认知误区,儿童安全座椅立法知晓率低。[Objective] To investigate the safety riding behaviors among children aged 3-6 years in private cars and understand awareness of safety seat legislation among parents in Huangpu District of Shanghai. [Methods] A total of 1 119 parents of children aged 3-6 years and owning private cars were surveyed by cluster random sampling method in Huangpu District, Shanghai. Information was collected on child passengers＇ safety riding behaviors, safety seat usage, and parents＇ awareness of child safety seat knowledge and legislation.[Results] According to the surveyed subjects, 37.6%（421/1 119） children used child safety seats, 33.2%（371/1 119） children used seat belts, and 10.5%（118/1 119） parents reported always holding their children in private cars. The riding behaviors of children across defined age groups were significantly different（χ~2=83.811, P=0.000）; specifically, 43.2%（251/581） of the 6-year-old children used seat belts. Children also displayed different riding behaviors when riding distances were varied（χ~2=5.878, P=0.015）; the proportion of children using child safety seats was 31.3%（72/230） when trip distance was less than 3 km. The drivers wearingseat belts and the parents with correct awareness on children＇s safety of riding cars had higher usage rates of child safety seat, with ORs of 2.604 and 6.744 versus the drivers not wearing seat belts and the parents with wrong awareness, respectively. The awareness rate of the legislation on child safety seat was 28.3%（317/1 119） among parents. [Conclusion] Improper riding behaviors in private cars include children using safety belts at an early age and parents＇ holding children in Huangpu District of Shanghai. A low usage rate of child safety seat is found. Misunderstandings on child safety riding behavior and seat belt usage are identified in the selected parents. Besides, the awareness rate of child safety seat legislation is low.

关 键 词：儿童 安全座椅 乘车行为 立法 家长认知 流行病学研究 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R181.37[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]