延迟退休年龄:背景、争议与政策思考  

Retirement Age Reform:Background,Debates and Policy Suggestions

作　　者：张川川[1] Zhang Chuanchuan(Central University of Finance and Economic)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学经济学院,北京100081

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第5期42-51,共10页Wuhan University Journal：Philosophy & Social Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(14ZDB120);国家自然科学基金一般项目(71503282);中央财经大学"青年英才"项目(QYP1609)

摘　　要：快速的人口老龄化和现收现付制的社会养老保险体系是延迟退休年龄政策出台的社会经济和制度背景,适当延迟退休年龄是在人口老龄化背景下保障社会养老保险体系可持续、实现代际公平和提高人力资源利用效率的客观要求。针对延迟退休政策的反对声音和担忧一部分源于朴素认识所产生的误解,无法得到理论和经验证据的支持;还有一部分源于特定群体在改革中会面临福利损失的客观事实。面对当前的争论,科研人员应当致力于严谨的学术研究,在研究结论的基础上向公众澄清事实;政策制定者应当制定配套政策,在合理补偿受损群体的前提下凝聚共识。政策的制定和实施应当坚持科学性、公正性、灵活性和完备性的统一。According to the report given by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of China, the retirement age reform will be initiated by the end of 2017 and given full effect after a transition period of five years. The introduction of the retirement age reform is surrounded by tons of debates among scholars, policy makers and the public. As a public policy, the success of the retirement reform heavily depends on whether it can be agreed by all parties or not. To clarify confusions and build consensus, this paper firstly introduces socioeconomic conditions and the social old-age support system in China, and then summarizes the current debates on the coming retirement age reform and successively reviews them one-by-one based on findings in previous studies. Finally, the paper argues that a set of research and policy questions need to be addressed to ensure the policy reform scientific,fair,flexible and comprehensive. The broad social background of the retirement age reform is the rapid population aging, which brings a couple of big challenges to the Chinese economy. First, the population aging leads to shortage of young labor forces and rising labor costs, which make the manufacturing firms less competitive in the global market. Second,the population aging leads to increasing old age dependency ratio, which implies more and more heavy burden of old-age support on the young generation. The increasing burden of old-age support will depress household consumption, and crowd out resources that can be allocated to the production sector. Based on international experience and previous studies, postponing the retirement of workers and enhancing human capital are two most important policy solutions to challenges of the population aging. On the one hand, given the improved health status of old workers and a much longer life expectancy,human resource can be more efficiently utilized if the workers retire later. On the other hand, the human capital investment can mitigate the decrease of the labor force in quantity by an

关 键 词：延迟退休年龄 人口老龄化 老年人口就业 基本养老保险 

分 类 号：D922.53[政治法律—民商法学]