干旱年际施肥方式对径流淋溶氮磷流失的影响  

The Effect of Fertilization Method on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss by Runoff and Leaching in Dry Years

作　　者：焉莉[1,2] 冯国忠 卢文喜[2] 鲁秋玉[1] 张婵 张文静 高强 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]吉林大学环境与资源学院,长春130000 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2017年第9期32-35,共4页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC09B01);国家级大学生创业创新项目(201610193013)

摘　　要：研究干旱年际施肥方式对径流淋溶氮磷流失的影响。采用田间模拟法,分析不同施肥方式对北方玉米种植的径流、淋溶的氮磷浓度及流失负荷的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥方式相比,缓控释肥可以降低氮流失负荷17.5%;秸秆还田施肥方式可以降低氮磷流失负荷分别为36%和23.2%;而有机无机混施施肥方式则可明显降低氮流失4.9%,但明显提高磷流失53.3%。径流造成的氮磷流失是面源污染的主要方式。Outdoor stimulation method is used to analyze the effect of different fertilizations on nitrogen and phosphorus concentration and loss by runoff and leaching in continuous maize cropping system in Northeast China. The resuhs show that compared with farmer conventional fertilization, controlled release fertilizer can decrease nitrogen loss by 17.5%; straw returning fertilization can decrease nitrogen loss by 36% and phosphorus loss by 23.2%. However, manure fertilization decreased nitrogen loss by 4.9% and increased phosphorus loss by 53.3%. Nitrogen and phosphorus loss by runoff was the main way for non-point pollution.

关 键 词：施肥方式 径流淋溶 氮流失 磷流失 农业面源污染 缓控释肥 秸秆还田 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV93[农业科学—农业工程]