20世纪上半期清学史研究的正反合  

Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis:Studies on history of Qing learning in first half of 20th century

作　　者：张昭军[1] ZHANG Zhao-jun(School of History, BNU, Beijing 100875, China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院、史学理论与史学史研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第5期114-123,共10页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部重点研究基地重大项目“20世纪史学与中国形象的重构”(13JJD770005)

摘　　要：20世纪上半期的清代学术史研究呈现为一个正、反、合的辩证发展过程。世纪之初,章太炎、梁启超等运用新史学的理论方法研究清代学术,奠立了清学史研究的现代格局。与政治上宣传民族主义和民主、科学等启蒙思想相呼应,他们在学术上主张"扬汉抑宋",推崇乾嘉汉学,贬抑清廷的官方哲学程朱理学。针对启蒙主义的问题与不足,二三十年代,柳诒徵、钱基博、钱穆等新人文主义史家起而反驳章太炎、梁启超、胡适等的观点,力主"扬宋抑汉",强调尊重历史传统,弘扬中国的人伦道德和人文精神。40年代,以侯外庐为代表的马克思主义史学家推陈出新,把启蒙推进到新的阶段。他们从社会发展史的角度研究清代思想和学术,表彰早期启蒙思想,指出无论汉学和宋学均是旧的封建主义意识形态,属于有待批判和改造的对象,从而较彻底地摆脱了汉学和宋学的束缚,但在一定程度上加剧了新旧文化的对立。In the first half of the 20th century, the Studies on the history of the Qing Learning presented a dialectical process of ＂thesis＂, ＂antithesis＂ and ＂synthesis＂. At the beginning of the century, scholars like ZHANG Tai-yan and LIANG Qi-chao had built frameworks for the history of the Qing Learning by employing theoretical methods of the New History. They rejected the Sung Neo-Confucianism and embraced the Han studies, being consistent with their political opinions of nationalism and democracy, science and other Enlightenment ideas. ,In the 1920S and 1930s, Neo-humanists like LIU Yi- zheng, QIAN Ji-bo and QIAN Mu had begun to move against the views of ZHANG Tai-yan, LIANG Qi-chao and HU Shi. They embraced the Sung Neo-Confucianism and rejected the Han studies, emphasizing the respect for historical traditions to promote China＇s human relation ethics and humanistic spirit. In the 1940s, Marxist historian, represented by HOU Wai-lu, made innovation breakthroughs for. advancing enlightenment to a new stage. They studied the academic and thoughts of the Qing Dynasty from the perspective of social history of development, pointing out that both the Sung Neo-Confucianism and the Han studies are feudal ideologies, which belongs to object needs to be criticized and reformed. Thus, they had banishedf the shackles of the Sung Neo-Confucianism and the Han studies. However, such conclusions intensified the opposition between the old and new cultures.

关 键 词：清学史 时代思潮 启蒙主义 新人文主义 马克思主义 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]