正式制度与非正式制度对科技创新的影响研究——基于全球112个国家和地区的面板数据分析  

Research on the Impact of Formal Institution and Informal Institution on Technological Innovation Panel Data Analysis Based on Data of 112 Countries and Regions around the World

作　　者：孟涛[1] 郭栋[1] 龚璞[1] MENG Tao GUO Dong GONG Pu(School of Public Policy and Management, Qinghua University, Beijing 100084. China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第5期150-160,共11页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"中国各地HDI指数的编制和研究"(16ZDA009);清华大学自主科研计划"基于中国国情的人类发展指数体系:模型与应用"(2016THZWYX03)

摘　　要：科技创新作为提高社会生产力和综合国力的战略支撑,是国家发展全局的核心所在。从国际视野来看,我国在科技创新方面的相对滞后,成为了制约国家竞争力提升的短板。那么,科技创新背后根本性的支撑因素有哪些?制度对科技创新是如何发挥作用的?迄今为止,学界对这一问题的系统性研究较为缺乏。在传统制度研究的基础上,新制度主义经济学将价值观、习俗、潜规则等非正式制度因素纳入制度的框架,大大丰富了制度的内涵。本文通过对全球竞争力指数2006至2015年的面板数据采用固定效应模型进行分析,找寻正式制度、非正式制度对科技创新的影响机制,并从中挖掘我国在科技创新上可以改进与完善的正式制度与非正式制度因素。研究结果表明,正式制度、非正式制度对科技创新有显著影响,同时对科技创新的各个具体指标影响各不相同。作为正式制度的知识产权保护力度、政府规制、企业法人治理结构完善性,以及作为非正式制度的企业道德,与一个国家的科技创新有着显著的正相关性。有鉴于此,我国应当不断增强知识产权保护力度、降低政府规制带来的企业负担,推进各类企业的法人治理结构完善,并采取积极措施有效提升企业的道德水平,以增强我国的科技创新实力。Innovation is the driving force of history progress and the key to the development of a country. It is also an im- portant aspect of national competitiveness and comprehensive strength. Promoting scientific and technological innovation is an important driving force for China＇s innovation and development. The supporting and driving factors behind scientific and technological innovation are especially worth exploring. From an international perspective, China＇s technological innovation has become a constraint on the promotion of China＇s national competitiveness. At the nation level, what are the fundamental supporting factors behind technological innovation？ How does the institution function in technological innovation？ The systematic researches on this issue are absent. North （1990） brought the informal institutional factors such as values, customs and hidden rules into the framework of the institution, which greatly enriches the connotation of the institutional theory and gives theoretical support to this study. The authors review the concept of technological innovation and the effects of institu- tions on the technological innovation. On the basis of the division of formal system and informal institution by the new institutionalism, this study then puts forward the hypothesis that different institutional factors may have different effect on the innovation of technological innovation. It analyzes the impact of formal institution and informal institution on technological innovation according to the panel data analysis of Global Competitiveness Index from 2006 to 2015, from which it can be found that the proper factors of formal institution and informal institution help improve the technological innovation power of China. It shows that both formal institution and informal institution have significant effect on the technological innovation, and the affections are different among the indicators of the technological innovation. Intellectual property protection, govern- ment regulation and corporate govern

关 键 词：正式制度 非正式制度 科技创新 面板数据分析 全球竞争力指数 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济]