小金嘉戎语的缺性声调系统  

The Privative Word-Tone System of Btsanlha Rgyalrong

作　　者：林幼菁 胡琛莹 You-Jing Lin HU Chenying

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2016年第2期29-52,共24页Essays on Linguistics

摘　　要：小金话为四土嘉戎语的一个方言。本文旨在对小金话声调系统进行初步描写与分析，根据语言事实，主张小金话的声调呈现出“缺性声调系统（Privative tone）”的格局，而且小金话的声调基本定义单位是词，即一个词无论音节多寡，只带一个声调。这样的声调系统不仅能区别词汇意义，在语法范畴的表达上更起到了重要的作用。小金话有／HL／H．L及／彩／三个声调，在词汇的层面是一个三元对立的格局；然而，在语法变化的标记上，小金话／HL／声调呈现出摇摆于／HL／和零声调／乃／之间的情况。本文也将目前对小金话声调系统的分析与嘉戎语群其他的声调语言做一个简单的对比，并且在结论处讨论“嘉戎语是不是声调语言”以及“原始嘉戎语有没有声调”这两个经常被提及的问题，同时根据目前研究所得提出解答。This paper presents an analysis and description of the tone system of Btsanlha, a dialect of Situ Rgyalrong. This study shows that Btsanlha exhibits a privative tone system that takes the word as the basic domain for contrast, and that tone has an important role to pay in both lexicon and grammar. In terms of lexicon, three tones （/HL/, /H. L/and zero/~/） contrast with each other; however, while serving in grammatical marking, the tone/H. L/aligns with/HL! and/~/re- spectively in different grammatical environments. Based on the analysis established in this study, this paper compares the tone system of Btsanlha with that of other Rgyalrong languages that are also tonal. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of two frequently-asked questions regarding tone in Rgyalrong： ＂Is Rgyalrong a tone language？＂ and ＂Is Proto-Rgyalrong tonal？＂

关 键 词：嘉戎语 小金话 缺性 声调 词调 

分 类 号：H214[语言文字—少数民族语言]