四种大型湿地植物对水产养殖废水中矿质元素和重金属富集特征的影响  

Accumulation characteristics of mineral nutrients and heavy metals in aquaculture wastewater by four species of large wetland plants

作　　者：刘冉[1] 甘淳丹 赵海燕[1] 陆诗敏 吴昊 梁永红 郑青松[1] 刘兴国[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省海洋生物学重点实验室,江苏南京210095 [2]农业部渔业装备与工程重点开放实验室,上海200092 [3]江苏省互联网农业发展中心,江苏南京210036 [4]江苏省耕地质量与农业环境保护站,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2017年第5期859-866,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303089);国家自然科学基金项目(31372570);上海市科技兴农重点公关项目(沪农科攻字(2014)第6-3号);南京农业大学SRT计划项目(1513A12)

摘　　要：[目的]从湿地中采收不同的水生植物,并进行植物元素测定,分析其富集矿质营养和重金属的动态过程,探索和鉴定利用水生植物混生种植进行生物修复的可行性。[方法]以淡水养殖试验基地为试验地点,在不同季节采集该基地潜流湿地大型湿地植物美人蕉(Canna indica)、鸢尾(Iris tectorum)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)和再力花(Thalia dealbata)的地上部,分析其生长、矿质营养、重金属元素积累。[结果]寒冬过去后,芦苇的生长恢复最快,其生物量明显高于其他3种植物,而美人蕉恢复最慢。随着夏季和秋季的来临,4种植物均明显生长,尤其是美人蕉,其次是再力花。4种植物对氮素的富集能力都很强,此外,美人蕉对磷、钾、镁、锌、铜、钠等的富集能力特别强,而鸢尾对磷、钙、镁等富集能力比较强,芦苇对硫、铁、铝、铬、镉、铅等富集能力很强,再力花对硫、锰的富集能力较强。[结论]美人蕉对水产养殖废水中诸多元素的总积累要明显强于鸢尾、芦苇和再力花,其次是芦苇。在淡水养殖基地,混生的美人蕉、鸢尾、芦苇和再力花对不同元素富集具有明显的互补性,混合种植从而进行污水修复是可行的。[ Objectives] Different aquatic plants from wetlands are harvested and their element accumulation are analyzed. Then, concentration dynamic process of mineral nutrients and heavy metals by aquatic plants are analysed to explore and identify the feasi- bility of using mixed cultivation of aquatic plants for bioremediation. [ Methods ] The test was carried on at the freshwater aquaculture test site, where four large-scale submerged wetland plants, Canna indica, Iris tectorum, Phragmites australis and Thalia dealbata, were collected in different seasons. Their plant growth condition, concentration and accumulation of mineral nutrition and heavy metal elements of above-ground parts were clearly revealed. [ Results ] Compared with other three plants, P. australis had better growth recovery, and its biomass was obviously higher than that of other three plants in spring coming after winter. Except for P. australis, there was little difference between I. tectorum and T. dealbata in the biomass, and growth recovery of C. indica was bottom. With the coming of summer and autumn, four of them grow quickly, especially the C. indica and then the T. dealbata. C. indica, I. tectorum, P. australis and T. dealbata, all of them, had a very strong ability to absorb the nitrogen （N）. Moreover, C. indica had the strongest adsorption capacity to phosphorus （ P ） , potassium （K） , magnesium （Mg） , zinc （Zn） , copper （ Cu ） , sodium （ Na ） , etc.. I. tectorum had a stronger adsorption capacity to P ,calcium（Ca） and Mg,etc.. P. australis had a strong adsorption capacity to sulfur（S） ,Iron（ Fe）,aluminum （A1） , chromium （Cr） , cadmium （Cd） , lead （Pb） , etc.. T. dealbata had a strong adsorption capacity to S and Mg. [ Conclu- sions] C. indica had a better capacity to absorb the accumulated chemical elements in cultured wastewater than that of I. tectorum, P. australis and T. dealbata. In this kind of freshwater aquaculture base, C. indica , I. tectorum , P. australis and T. dealbata ha

关 键 词：水产养殖废水 潜流湿地 湿地植物 矿质元素 重金属元素 生物富集 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]