诱导条件下不同配施钙肥处理减缓‘黄冠梨’果面褐斑病的研究  

Effects of different application of cooperative calcium treatments on the incidence of brown spot in 'Huangguan' pear fruit under induced conditions

作　　者：刘娜[1] 金昕[1] 谢昶琰 徐阳春[1] 董彩霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2017年第5期867-873,共7页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-29-15)

摘　　要：[目的]探究不同配施钙肥处理对‘黄冠梨’果实品质、果皮抗氧化性及矿质养分含量的影响,为减缓‘黄冠梨’果面褐斑病的发生提供理论依据。[方法]以14年生‘黄冠梨’树为试材,在幼果期及幼果期+膨大期开展了叶面单施螯合钙肥(Ca)及钙与硅肥(Ca+Si)、钙与甲壳素氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐(Ca+D)、钙与羧甲基纤维素钠(Ca+CMC)配施试验,以喷施清水为对照,结合采后诱导处理,测定影响‘黄冠梨’果面褐斑病发生的相关指标。[结果]在发病果实和未发病果实中,与对照相比,诱导条件下不同配施钙肥处理均显著提高果皮过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,降低多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,且幼果期+膨大期施用的效果优于幼果期喷施。幼果期和膨大期施用Ca+D处理显著提高了果皮的相关抗氧化酶活性,可使发病果果皮POD、SOD活性分别提高26.98%和69.33%,PPO活性降低16.61%;不同配施钙肥处理均提高果皮钙含量,降低钾、镁、磷含量。在发病果实中,幼果期+膨大期施用Ca及Ca+D处理果实,钙含量分别提高23.67%和23.14%,钾含量分别降低9.52%和16.02%,幼果期与膨大期施用Ca+D处理果实,镁含量与对照相比降低13.19%。诱导条件下不同配施钙肥处理有效降低‘黄冠梨’果皮褐变指数,其中幼果期+膨大期施用Ca+D处理效果最为显著,与对照相比果面褐斑病发生率显著降低81.82%。[结论]Ca+D处理可以提高果皮抗氧化能力,有效减缓诱导条件下果面褐斑病的发生。[Objectives] This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different application of cooperative calcium treatments on fruit quality,antioxidant capacity and mineral nutrient content of ＇ Huangguan＇ pear, so that it could provide theoretical basis for reducing incidence of brown spot disease. [ Methods ] Treatments were set as follows ： chelated calcium （ Ca）, chelated calcium combined with silicon（ Ca＋Si）, chelated calcium combined with chitin D-glueosamine hydrochloride （Ca＋D）and chelated calcium cooperated with carboxymethylcellulose sodium（Ca＋CMC）. Water was used as the control, and all the treatments were conducted by spraying on the 14-year-old ＇ Huangguan＇ pear during young fruit stage and fruit expanding stage. Postharvest induced experiment was also investigated to study the effects on the incidence of brown spot. [ Results ] Compared with the control, different application of cooperative calcium could significantly improve the activities of peroxidase （POD）and superoxide dismutase （SOD）, while decrease the activity of polyphenol oxidase（PPO）on both healthy and diseased fruits peel. Besides,effect on reducing the incidence of brown spot by spraying of the young fruit stage and fruit expanding stages was better than that of young fruit stages only. During the young fruit stage and fruit expanding stage, chelated calcium combined with chitin D-glueosamine hydroehloride treatment increased activities of POD and SOD by 26.98% and 69.33% respectively,but decreased the activity PPO by 16.61% on the peel of diseased fruits. All the four calcium treat- ments were found to increase the calcium content but to decreased the potassium, magnesium and phosphorus content of peel on both healthy and diseased fruits. On diseased fruits peel,calcium content of Ca treatment and Ca＋D treatment at fruit stages of young and expansion increased 23.67% and 23.14% more than control while potassium content decreased 9.52% and 16.02% respectively. Furthermore, Ca＋D treatment decreased m

关 键 词：钙肥 甲壳素氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐 梨 果面褐斑病 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]