熏蒸剂与生物有机肥对苦瓜枯萎病及土壤酶的影响  

Effects of Combination of Fumigants with Bio-organic Fertilizer on Fusarium Wilt of Bitter Gourd and Soil Enzymes

作　　者：陈丹丹 高克祥 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院/山东省蔬菜病虫生物学重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2017年第9期135-139,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项“苦瓜枯萎病综合治理技术方案研究”(201503110-12)

摘　　要：为综合防治苦瓜枯萎病,本研究在温室采用不同用量熏蒸剂对苦瓜枯萎病(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.momodicae)进行防治试验并测定对苦瓜苗期生长的影响,并在田间用适量的熏蒸剂与生物有机肥协作防治苦瓜枯萎病并检测对土壤酶的影响。试验结果表明:棉隆和石灰氮用量分别选择45~60 g/m2和60~120g/m2可以有效防治苦瓜枯萎病。在田间棉隆和石灰氮对苦瓜枯萎病均有较好的防治效果,棉隆45 g/m2与生物有机肥10 g/株协作防治效果高达70.85%。棉隆与生物有机肥协作对苦瓜根区脲酶活性先抑制后激活,对蔗糖酶活性先激活后抑制,而提高了过氧化氢酶的活性;在整个生长期内石灰氮与生物有机肥能够提高脲酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,对蔗糖酶活性先激活后抑制。棉隆与生物有机肥结合使用可以有效防治苦瓜枯萎病和促进苦瓜生长。In order to comprehensively control Fusarium wilt of bitter gourd,the effects of different dosages of fumigants on control of bitter gourd wilt and the growth of bitter gourd plant in seedling stage were investigated in greenhouse. The control effects of combination of moderate fumigant and bio-organic fertilizer on bitter gourd wilt were studied in the field and the effects on soil enzymes were investigated. The results showed that 45 - 60 g/m^2 of dazomet and 60 - 120 g/m^2 of calcium cyanamide could effectively control bitter gourd wilt. In the field,dazomet and calcium cyanamide both had better control effects on bitter gourd wilt. The control effect of combination of dazomet（ 45 g/m^2） and bio-organic fertilizer（ 10 g per plant） was 70. 85%.Under the combination of dazomet and bio-organic fertilizer,the activity of urease in the root zone of bitter gourd was firstly inhibited and then activated,the activity of sucrase was firstly increased and then suppressed,and the activity of catalase was increased. Calcium cyanamide and bio-organic fertilizer increased the activities of urease and catalase during the whole growth period,while the sucrase activity was firstly activated and then inhibited. Combination application of dazomet and bio-organic fertilizer could efficiently control Fusarium wilt of bitter gourd and promote growth of bitter gourd plant.

关 键 词：棉隆 石灰氮 生物有机肥 苦瓜枯萎病 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S436.429[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]