地锦苗在石灰岩土壤和红壤生境中的繁殖成功的比较  

Comparative study on reproductive success of Corydalis sheareri(Papaveraceae) between alkaline limestone soil and red soil habitats in a karst area

作　　者：黄至欢[1] 陆奇丰[1] 陈颖卓 Zhihuan Huang Qifeng Lu Yingzhuo Chen(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi 541006 Chengnan Academy, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205)

机构地区：[1]广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西桂林541006 [2]湖南第一师范学院城南书院,长沙410205

出　　处：《生物多样性》2017年第9期972-980,共9页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：科技基础资源调查专项资助"中国西南地区极小种群野生植物调查与种质保存"(2017FY100100);广西植物研究所基本业务费(GZY16003);广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室开放基金(1526222)

摘　　要：喀斯特地区石灰岩土壤和红壤间断分布的特点是影响该地区植物群落内物种组成的最重要环境因素之一。为了研究不同生境中植物的繁殖对策及对生境的适应方式,本文以生长在石灰岩土壤和红壤两种生境中的地锦苗(Corydalis sheareri)为研究对象,调查了两种生境中土壤的理化性质,并开展了开花物候、花部特征、传粉者种类和访问频率及繁殖成功的比较研究。结果显示,石灰岩土壤中有机质、全氮、全钙的含量以及p H值均比红壤高,而土壤含水量则比红壤低。地锦苗的单花期在两种土壤生境中没有显著差异,但石灰岩土壤中的地锦苗植株明显比生长于红壤上的植株矮,始花期比红壤中的推迟1周左右,盛花期持续时间短,并且提前进入末花期。花序大小、花长、开口大小、距长及柱头直径在两种土壤生境中都没有显著差异。地锦苗的繁育系统为专性异交,繁殖成功依赖传粉者。访花者主要是以花蜜为报酬的黑颚条蜂(Anthophora melanognatha),并且在两种生境中的访花频率没有显著差异。两种生境中地锦苗的结籽率没有差异,但生长在石灰岩土壤上的地锦苗坐果率明显低于红壤上的。我们的结果表明,结籽率没有差异可能是由于传粉者的丰度不受生境影响,导致两种生境中的地锦苗具有相同水平的传粉服务;而土壤性质的差异可能是导致两种生境中地锦苗花期物候和坐果率差异的重要原因。The discontinuous distribution between alkaline limestone soil with high calcium content and acidic red soil with low calcium content is characteristic of karst areas, and strongly affects plant species composition in natural communities. Whether the soil types affect plant reproductive success, however, remains unknown. Two populations of Corydalis sheareri, a species commonly occurring in alkaline limestone soil and acidic red soil, were investigated. The soil properties of the two habitats were examined, and flowering phenology, floral traits, floral visitor types and their behavior, breeding system and reproductive success were compared. Organic matter, total nitrogen, total calcium, and p H value were higher in the limestone soil, while soil moisture content was lower than that found in the red soil. Floral longevity was not significantly different between plants from the two habitats. However, plants found in the limestone soil were shorter in height and bloomed one week later with a shorter flowering period（4 weeks） than those found in the red soil（6 weeks）. Floral traits（inflorescence size, flower length, opening size, spur length and stigma diameter） were not significantly different between the two habitats. Corydalis sheareri was obligately xenogamous, with sexual reproduction dependent on insect pollinators. The major floral visitor was Anthophora melanognatha, a long-tongued nectar collecting bee. Bee visit frequency and seed set per flower were not significantly different between the two habitats, but fruit set per plant in the limestone soil was significantly lower. Our results indicated that, no difference in the seed set could be explained by similar pollinator abundance, while the differences of flowering phenology and fruit set could be caused by differences in the soil properties between the two habitats.

关 键 词：地锦苗 土壤类型 花期物候 繁育系统 结籽率 坐果率 繁殖成功 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]