医务人员血源性职业暴露现状分析及防控  

Status analysis and prevention of hematogenous occupational exposure in medical staff

作　　者：张梦华[1] 刘盛楠[1] 沈燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学第一附属医院感染管理科,河南郑州450052

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2017年第18期4294-4297,共4页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的了解医务人员血源性职业暴露现状,分析暴露因素,评估暴露风险,探讨防控措施,以减少职业暴露危害。方法通过现场调查与资料分析相结合的方法,对医院2016年1月-2016年12月发生的151例医务人员职业暴露情况进行统计分析。结果 2016年1月-2016年12月全院共发生职业暴露151例,人员构成以护士高发89例,占职业暴露总人数的58.94%;年资低者具有较高风险,5年工龄以下人员109例,占72.19%;病房是高危场所99例,占65.56%;暴露部位以手部为主,143例占94.70%;锐器伤是主要暴露方式,139例占92.05%;暴露操作环节以护理操作时最高,48例占31.79%、其次是穿刺操作时,45例占29.80%。结论医务人员职业暴露主要发生于临床低年资护士,以锐器伤高发,暴露部位以手部为主,病房是主要暴露场所。加强重点人群培训,制定有效的防控机制,对有效预防职业暴露导致的职业感染具有重要意义。OBJECTIVE To investigate the status of hematogenous occupational exposure in medical staff,analyze exposure factors,assess exposure risks,and explore prevention measures for reducing the damage caused by occupational exposure.METHODS The occupational exposure cases of 151 medical workers in our hospital from Jan.2016 to Dec.2016 were investigated and analyzed by means of field investigation and data analysis.RESULTS A total of 151 cases of occupational exposure occurred in our hospital from Jan.2016 to Dec.2016.The high-risk group was the nursing staff（89 cases,58.94% ）.Totally 109cases（72.19% ）occurred in junior medical staff with a working age under 5 years.Injury occurred on the hand（143 cases,94.7% ）and in the ward（99 cases,65.56% ）most frequently.Sharp injury was the major way of exposure（139 cases,92.05% ）.The high-risk links were nursing（48 cases,31.79% ）and puncture（45 cases,29.8% ）.CONCLUSION The occupational exposure of medical staff mainly occurs in the nurses with low seniority in clinical practice,the injury is mainly caused by sharp instruments,and the exposed area is mainly the hands,while the ward is the main exposed site.Strengthening the occupational protection education in targeted medical staff and developing effective prevention mechanism can be meaningful to reduce the incidence of infection after occupational exposure.

关 键 词：医务人员 职业暴露 防控 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]