新型化粪池处理分散农户生活污水的试验研究  

An Experimental Study on Modified Septic Tanks for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

作　　者：韦昆[1,2] 傅大放[1,2] 王亚军[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学土木工程学院,江苏南京210096 [2]东南大学-蒙纳士大学海绵城市联合研究中心,江苏南京210096

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2017年第19期59-62,共4页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：江苏省重大科技专项(BE2015356-2);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(CE02-1-1)

摘　　要：分散式农村生活污水已成为我国农村水环境污染的重要来源之一,而对农户现有化粪池进行适当改造从而改善出水水质是解决此问题的可行途径之一。为此,对传统的三格化粪池进行了结构优化改造,在第一格室的中下部进水,沿第一格室高度方向设置多层孔板,在第二格室设置折流板,第三格室内置陶粒填料,第四格室收集出水回用于农田灌溉或连接后续装置做进一步处理。试验结果表明,孔板的有效设置,使得第一格室对COD和BOD_5的去除率均达到了50%以上;稳定运行后整个反应器对COD和BOD_5的去除率分别可达到72%～84%、80%～92%,出水的生化指标符合农田灌溉水质的要求。In China, the decentralized domestic sewage has become a significant source of the rural water pollution. It is a practical way to solve the problem of decentralized domestic sewage by improving the water quality of the existing septic tanks. In this experiment, a new septic tank was proposed. The inlet pipe was placed in the middle of the first chamber of the reactor, and the multi-layer orifice plate was arranged vertically in the first chamber. The second chamber of the reactor was equipped with a baffle, and the third chamber was filled with built-in ceramic filler. The fourth chamber collected effluent for the farm irrigation or subsequent devices for further treatment. The results showed that the effective setting of the orifice could increase the removal rate of COD and BOD5 in the first chamber to be over 50%. Once the operation was stable, the COD and BODs removal rates of the whole reactor reached 72% - 84% and 80% - 92%, respectively. In addition, the biochemical indicators of the effluent could meet the farmland irrigation water quality standards.

关 键 词：农村生活污水 化粪池 结构改造 分散式 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]