基于稀疏约束反演谱分解的缝洞储层叠后数据去噪应用效果分析  

Application of denoising method based on sparse constrained inverse spectral decomposition in poststack seismic data of cave-fractured reservoirs

作　　者：李倩 狄帮让[2,3] 魏建新[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地球物理勘探中心,河南郑州450002 [2]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [3]中国石油大学(北京)CNPC物探重点实验室,北京102249

出　　处：《石油物探》2017年第5期684-693,共10页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2011ZX05007-006)项目资助~~

摘　　要：高质量的地震剖面对碳酸盐岩缝洞储层的流体识别、储量预测具有重要作用,因此对叠后地震数据进行去噪处理很有必要。为此,分析研究了基于稀疏约束反演谱分解的去噪方法在碳酸盐岩缝洞储层叠后地震数据中的应用效果。首先介绍了该方法的基本原理,然后分别将该方法用于数值模拟数据、物理模拟数据以及实际地震数据的处理,并分析去噪效果。在数值模拟测试中,将该方法与小波阈值去噪法的处理结果进行了比较,表明该方法具有较好的去噪性能和保幅性。物理模拟测试以及实际资料的处理结果均表明,该方法可以较好的压制碳酸盐岩缝洞储层叠后地震数据中的随机噪声和偏移噪声,使地震剖面中碳酸盐岩孔洞的弱反射特征得到突显,提高了地震数据处理成果的质量,为后续的定量解释奠定了良好的基础。High quality seismic sections are very important for fluid identification and reserve prediction of carbonate reservoirs. Therefore,it is necessary to suppress the noise for poststack seismic data from carbonate reservoirs.The application effect of a de- noising method based on sparse constrained inverse spectral decomposition in poststack seismic data from carbonate reservoirs was analyzed. First, the basic principle of the above proposed method was introduced.Then, the proposed method was applied to numeri- cal simulation data, physical modeling data, and field seismic data,and the application effect was analyzed.In the numerical simula- tion test,the proposed method was compared with the wavelet threshold denoising method, and the results proved that the proposed method has better denoising performance and amplitude preservation than the latter.The application effect of physical mod- eling data and field seismic data shows that this method can effectively suppress the random noise and migration noise in the stacked seismic section of a carbonate reservoir,highlight the weak reflections from some caves of a carbonate reservoir, improve the quality of the seismic data, and lay a good foundation for the subsequent quantitative interpretation.

关 键 词：去噪 稀疏约束反演谱分解 碳酸盐岩储层 叠后地震数据 串珠状特征 稀疏特性 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]