多级生物净化在封闭循环水养殖系统中的水质调控效果  

Regulating Effect of Multi-stage Biological Purification on Water Quality in a Closed Recirculating Aquaculture System

作　　者：孙成渤[1] 李建国[1] 赵冬艳[1] 李崇文 武君君 危立坤[4] 

机构地区：[1]天津农学院国家实验教学示范中心水产生态与养殖重点实验室,天津300384 [2]天津市天祥水产有限公司,天津301500 [3]上海四鳃鲈水产科技发展有限公司,上海200433 [4]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《水产科学》2017年第5期577-584,共8页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家星火计划项目(S2011A100020)

摘　　要：采用逐月采样的方法研究了多级生物净化措施,即在封闭循环水养殖系统的动力水渠浮床培植多种水生经济植物、构建固定微生物膜和养殖贝类,在沉淀池和净化池放养滤食性鱼类,建立芦苇人工湿地,对养殖系统中无机营养盐和有机质含量与分布的影响。试验结果表明,养殖水体经多级生物净化处理后能够循环使用,水体碱度和硬度轻微降低,除磷酸盐含量上升5.4%外,硝态氮、亚硝态氮、氨氮、总氮和总磷的去除率分别为27.7%、44.0%、26.0%、42.0%和15.7%;浮游植物和浮游动物生物量分别下降31.4%和20.1%;浮游植物生物多样性指数增加,种类组成明显好转,蓝藻生物量和优势度指数明显降低,硅藻和绿藻继而成为优势种群,凡纳滨对虾平均产量达11 250kg/hm^2,最高产量达15 000kg/hm^2,提高了经济效益和生态效益。Various aquatic economic plant floating beds,placing immobilized microorganism membrane and cultivating shellfish in a power canal,culture filter-feeding fish in the sedimentation and purification ponds,and building Phragmites australis wetland were established in a closed recirculating aquaculture system（CRAS）.The monthly monitoring revealed that the multi-stage biological purification above played an important role in the distribution,variation and biological cycle of inorganic nutrients and organic matter in the CRAS.The aquaculture water was shown to be recycled via the multi-stage biological purification processing with low alkalinity and hardness in aquaculture water.The removal rates were found to be 27.7% of NO3-N,44.0% NO2-N,26.0% NH3-N,42.0% TN and 15.7% TP,except for PO4-P content increased by 5.4% .The biomass was decreased by 31.4% in phytoplankton and 20.1% in zooplankton.Biodiversity index of phytoplankton was increased and species the composition of phytoplankton was improved obviously.The biomass and dominance index of Cyanophyta species were reduced markedly,and then the species of Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta became dominant populations.The economically aquatic plants and filter-feeding fish and shellfish not only properly utilized aquaculture water and feeds,and developed the role of mutual benefit among aquatic animals and plants,but also improved aquaculture pond environment,promoting the good yields of both main and by-products.The Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaus vannamei had average yield of 11 250 kg/hm2,with the maximal yield of 15 000 kg/hm2,and with high economic performances and ecological benefits.

关 键 词：封闭循环水养殖系统 多级生物净化 营养盐 浮游生物 水生植物 

分 类 号：S959[农业科学—水产养殖]