粮食种植户生产环节外包选择行为分析  

Farmers' Selection Behavior in Process of Grain Production Stage Outsourcing

作　　者：段培[1] 王礼力[1] 陈绳栋 赵凯[1] DUAN Pei WANG Lili CHEN Shengdong ZHAO Kai(College of Economics and Management, Northwest A＆F University, Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 Bureau of Finance in Huocheng County, Yili , Xinjiang 835200, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]霍城县财政局,新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州835200

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第5期65-72,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目(15XJY010);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(13YJA630141)

摘　　要：在构建粮食种植户生产环节外包选择行为理论框架的基础上,运用河南和山西两省小麦主产区2015年631户小麦种植户的第一手调查数据,采用Ivprobit模型分析验证资本密集环节和劳动密集环节的外包行为影响因素,以及资本要素与劳动要素的内部影响关系。研究得出:粮食种植仍以小规模农户为主。资本密集环节外包的比例较高,尤其是机械替代性较强的耕地、播种和收割环节。劳动密集环节外包的比例较低。资本要素对粮食生产的纵向分工和规模化种植有重要的影响。劳动要素对种植户劳动力的非农转移和种植业的兼业化生产具有重要的影响。依据研究结论提出以下建议:鼓励农业社会化服务体系的建设,满足多种农业生产主体的不同需求。鼓励外包服务主体对烘干设施的购置,建设有效外包服务的供需市场。鼓励劳动力从农业向非农业的转移,同时提高专业种植户的农业生产技能。Stage outsourcing behavior of grain producers has become increasingly important because of the rapid transformation of China＇s countryside.However,few studies have addressed this issue using a theoretical framework.We set out to fill this gap in the literature by developing a theoretical model that integrates determinants of grain farmers＇ outsourcing behavior and the number of grain growing stages outsourced,and use a Probit Model to estimate the influencing factors of seven stages outsourcing and the number of outsourcing.Moreover,a instrumental variable probit model is used to determine whether the influencing factors are endogenous or not.In particular,we use 2015 data from 631 wheat farmers in Henan and Shanxi provinces.The survey covered 7 wheat growing stages in winter period.Descriptive and regression results show that：（1）Small scale grain farmers are in the majority.（2）The proportion of capital intensive outsourcing is higher,in addition to the ploughing sector,sowing sector and harvesting sector,which are strong mechanical replacement parts;on the country,labor intensive outsourcing ratio is low.（3）Capital factors have an important influence on vertical division of grain production and scale production.（4）Labor factors have an important influence on the non-agricultural transfer of plantation labor and the part time farming of grain planting industry.In light of these findings,it is suggested that the amount of machinery for grain farmers is gradually increased to develop the supply and demand of outsourcing market.Policy maker should encourage non-agricultural labor transfer and improve the ability of non-agricultural labor workers,at the same time,strengthen the training efforts of grain planting technology,and especially pay attention to the model effect of science and technology demonstration households.

关 键 词：粮食种植户 环节外包 选择行为 Ivprobit模型 

分 类 号：F325.7[经济管理—产业经济]