《于氏捷韵》的等韵理论及其实际语音  

The Phonological Theory of Yushi Jieyun and Its Actual Phonological Features

作　　者：李军[1] 李霄文 Li Jun Li Xiaowen(The Research Center of Gan ＆ Hakka Dialects and Linguistic Application, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学客赣方言与语言应用研究中心,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《语言科学》2017年第5期533-551,共19页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(15BYY102)资助

摘　　要：《于氏捷韵》是《韵法直图》系列等韵学著作之一,在以四呼给韵母分类、以三十二声母位反映实际语音,以"叶一切法"注音方式区分韵图音与实际语音,以及改良反切法等方面都具有一定的等韵理论创新价值。韵图内容既具有鲜明的传承性,又通过韵图列字、附图附注、"叶一切法"反切注音、"正转、借转""同、如"等方式反映了实际语音。文章从传承性的编撰体例与韵图内容中,分析了其表现实际语音的方式,归纳了其实际语音特征。与同时期的官话韵书韵图相比,《于氏捷韵》在声母、韵母乃至部分切字的特殊读音方面,都比较真实的记录了17世纪北方官话语音的基本特征,其语音性质是以清代京津地区官话方言为基础的读书音,对清代官话语音研究具有一定的价值。As one of the series rhyme books of Yunfa Zhitu（韵法直图）,Yushi Jieyun（于氏捷韵） has important innovational value in the theory of Dengyunxue（等韵学） from the perspectives of classification of the final system by four names of hu（呼）,presentation of the actual phonological features by 32 positions of the initial system,distinction of the actual pronunciations of the characters from those in the rhyme tables with the xie yiqie fa（叶一切法） annotation system and improvement of the methods of fanqie（反切）,among others. The rhyme tables not only have inherited the tradition but also reflect the actual pronunciation by rearranging the characters in the tables,annotating with the xie yiqie fa fanqie（叶一切法反切） system at the end of the tables,indicating the relations of the rhyme tables by the terms zhengzhuan（正转）,jiezhuan（借转）,tong（同） and ru（如）. By distinguishing the innovational methods of the rhyme tables which reflect the actual phonetics from its inherited compiling styles and contents,the paper generalizes the actual phonological system and features of Yushi Jieyun. In comparison with the Mandarin rhyme books and tables in the same period,Yushi Jieyun has recorded accurately the basic evolution features of Mandarin phonology in the 17 th century.The features of initial and final systems as well as some special pronunciation of characters as recorded in Yushi Jieyun indicate that the literary pronunciation was based on the Mandarin in Qing dynasty. Therefore,the book is of great value in studying the Mandarin phonology during Qing dynasty.

关 键 词：《于氏捷韵》 等韵理论 官话音 

分 类 号：H114.9[语言文字—汉语]