施钾对木薯产量和品质及大中微量元素吸收的影响  

Effects of potassium application on yield,quality and absorption of macro-,meso-,and micro-nutrients of cassava

作　　者：魏云霞[1] 苏必孟 黄洁[1] 徐海强[1,2] 宋恩亮[1] 闫庆祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业部木薯种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,海南儋州571737 [2]海南大学农学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第9期46-54,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：农业部现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12-hnhj)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施钾量对木薯产量、大中微量元素吸收及品质的影响,为木薯合理施钾提供理论依据。【方法】采用田间试验,以我国主栽木薯品种"SC205"为材料,K_2O施用量设0,60,120,180,240kg/hm2共5个水平,于收获期测定木薯薯块、茎秆、叶片的生物量及N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu、Zn含量,并测定薯块可溶性糖和淀粉含量。【结果】1)与不施钾相比,施钾可显著提高薯块、茎秆和叶片鲜产量,其中鲜薯增产9.87%~25.57%;随施钾量增加,鲜薯产量先增加后降低,K_2O施用量为60~120kg/hm2时,鲜薯产量较高。2)施钾可以明显提高薯块、茎秆和叶片的K含量,提高薯块的Mn、Zn、可溶性糖及淀粉含量,但Mg含量有所降低,同时还可以提高薯块、茎秆和叶片的K/N、K/P、K/Ca、K/Mg、K/Mn、K/Cu、K/Zn值。3)施钾能显著提高薯块K、Mn、Zn、可溶性糖、淀粉的积累量,其中可溶性糖和淀粉积累量的增幅分别为7.65%~32.91%和12.65%~53.41%,K_2O施用量为60~120kg/hm2时,薯块各矿质元素、可溶性糖及淀粉积累量均处于较高水平;施钾可显著降低钾素在薯块中的分配比例。4)薯块的P、K、Mn及可溶性糖含量与施钾量呈极显著或显著正相关。【结论】为获得较高的木薯产量、大中微量元素积累量、品质及经济效益,建议最佳的K2O施用量为95~130kg/hm^2。[Objective] Effects of potassium application on yield, absorption of macro-, meso- and micro- nutrients as well as quality of cassava were studied to improve potassium fertilization management on cas- sava. [Method] Variety SC205, widely cultivated across south China,was planted in field with five K20 rates of 0,60,120,180 and 240 kg/hm2. After harvest, the plants were divided into root, stem and leaf to measure biomass,contents of N,P, K,Ca,Mg, Mn,Cu,and Zn,and contents of soluble sugars and starch in root. [Result] 1） K application significantly improved fresh yields of three organs （root,stem and leaf）. Especially,the fresh root yield （FRY） increased by 9.87-25.57G. With the increase of K20 amount, FRY increased before decreasing and reached the highest level at 60--120 kg/hm2. 2） K supply obviouslyimproved K contents in all organs,contents of Mn, Zn, soluble sugars, and starch in root, while decreased Mg contents. The K/N, K/P, K/Ca, K/Mg, K/Mn, K/Cu and K/Zn ratios in all organs were also in- creased. 3） K supply significantly increased accumulation amounts of K, Mn, Zn, soluble sugars and starch in root. Soluble sugars and starch accumulation were increased by 7. 65%- 32. 91% and 12. 65%- 53.41%, respectively. Accumulation of nutrients, soluble sugars and starch in root achieved highest level at 60--120 kg/hm2. K application also significantly decreased K distribution ratios in root. 4） Correlation a- nalysis showed that P, K, Mn and soluble sugars contents in root had extremely significantly or significant- ly positive correlation with K20 rate. [Conclusion] Based on FRY, nutrients absorption, quality and eco- nomic benefit, the optimum application was 95--130 kg/hmz for cassava.

关 键 词：木薯 钾肥 营养元素 木薯产量 可溶性糖 淀粉 

分 类 号：S143.3[农业科学—肥料学]