污泥厌氧消化过程中重金属稳定性研究进展  

Research progress of heavy metal stabilization during sludge anaerobic digestion

作　　者：黄翔峰[1] 叶广宇 穆天帅 陆丽君[1] 彭开铭[1] 付丹 刘佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室长江水环境教育部重点实验室,上海200092 [2]上海重金属污染控制与资源化工程技术研究中心,上海200031 [3]上海轻工业研究所有限公司,上海200031

出　　处：《环境化学》2017年第9期2005-2014,共10页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51678428);粮基糟渣燃气化关键技术集成研发及产业化工程示范(04002430081);上海重金属污染控制与资源化工程技术研究中心能力提升项目(15DZ2280400)资助~~

摘　　要：污水处理产生的剩余污泥含有大量有机质和营养元素,采用厌氧消化技术产沼气实现污泥的稳定化与资源化已成为这一领域的重要发展方向.与此同时,污泥厌氧消化产生的沼渣还可以用作土壤改性材料,但消化沼渣中所含的重金属因其潜在的生态环境毒性严重阻碍了其资源化利用.本文综述了污泥厌氧消化过程中重金属稳定性研究进展,重点对有机质中的腐殖质、反应条件中的温度和p H缓冲体系、促进剂中的纳米铁和表面活性剂等因素对消化过程中重金属稳定性的影响和作用机制进行了总结归纳.p H缓冲体系和表面活性剂通过促进污泥有机物的分解和重金属的释放,从而影响重金属在消化液中的浸出;腐殖质和纳米铁主要是通过物理化学作用,影响消化沼渣中重金属的形态分布;温度则通过改变絮体结构和增强金属离子的扩散运动,影响重金属在消化液中的浸出以及消化沼渣中的形态分布.最后对厌氧消化工艺中提高重金属稳定性的方法和技术进行了展望.Excess sludge generated from wastewater treatment contains a large amount of orgamc matters and nutrients. Anaerobic digestion for biogas production has become an important approach for sludge stabilization and reclamation. The produced digestate during anaerobic digestion can also be applied for further use, such as soil modification materials. However, the potential ecotoxicity of heavy metals in digestate have severely restricted its application. In this work, the research progress on heavy metal stabilization during sludge anaerobic digestion was reviewed. Several factors affecting the stabilization of heavy metals during the process were summarized, including organic substances, temperature and pH, accelerants like nano-iron and surfactans. Surfactants and pH could accelerate the degradation of organic matters and thus affect the corresponding release of heavy metals. Humus and nano-iron mainly influenced the fractions of heavy metals in digestate through physical and chemical reactions. Temperature played an important role in changing the structure of sludge flocs and enhancing the diffusion of heavy metal ions. Finally, techniques to improve the stabilization of the heavy metals during anaerobic digestion process were prospected.

关 键 词：污泥 厌氧消化 重金属稳定 生物有效性 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]