粉末活性炭吸附水中高氯酸盐的性能和机理  

Adsorption Mechanism and Performance of Perchlorate Removal in Water by Powdered Activated Carbon(PAC)

作　　者：秦静 文德伟 张慧 赵云霄 

机构地区：[1]上海浦东威立雅自来水有限公司,上海201201 [2]上海理工大学环境与建筑学院,上海200093 [3]上海华严检测技术有限公司,上海200942 [4]上海斯纳普膜分离科技有限公司,上海200082

出　　处：《净水技术》2017年第9期43-48,共6页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51508327);上海高校青年教师培养资助计划(ZZSLG14018)

摘　　要：研究三种不同类型的粉末活性炭(木质、煤质、椰壳)对水中高氯酸盐的去除效果和最佳工艺参数,以高氯酸钠模拟废水为处理对象,考察三种不同类型粉末活性碳的投加量、pH值、ClO_4^-初始浓度、温度、吸附时间等参数对活性炭吸附效果的影响规律,同时分析了吸附等温线模型和吸附动力学模型。结果表明,三种粉末活性碳对水中高氯酸盐的吸附能力由大到小依次为:煤质活性炭>木质活性炭>椰壳活性炭。其中,ClO_4^-的去除率随活性炭投加量的增加而增加,吸附容量随ClO_4^-初始浓度的升高而增加,在中性偏酸性环境中具有较高的去除率。此外,三种粉末活性碳对本研究中所使用的高氯酸盐的吸附均符合准二级动力学方程。在试验浓度范围内,三种PAC对水中高氯酸盐的吸附符合Tempkin和Freundlich等温吸附模型。Removal effect and the optimum process parameters of treating perchlorate by PAC （origin of wood, coal, coconut shell） as adsorbent are determined. Spiked wastewater prepared with sodium perchlorate, adsorbent dosage, pH value, initial concentration of ClO4^- , temperature, reaction time on the removal effect of PAC are studied. While the adsorption kinetics and isothermal model are also analyzed. Results indicate that as far as adsorption capacities are concerned for these three adsorbents, it follows the order of coal activated carbon〉 wood activated carbon〉 coconut shell activated carbon and the removal rate of ClO4^- increaces with the increase of PAC dosage and the initial concentration of perchlorate. Under the acidic and near neutral conditions, the removal of ClO4^- is higher. The adsorption kinetics of these 3 kinds of PAC has a much higher correlation coefficient coincide with the equation of pseudo-second order reaction. In addition, the adsorption of C104 on PAC fits the Freundlich and Tempkin isothermal models in the range of experimental concentration.

关 键 词：粉末活性碳 高氯酸盐 吸附性能 机理 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]