权力话语与政治诗学——以清华简《周公之琴舞》为中心的讨论  

Power Discourse and Political Poetics: Discussion around ZHOU Gong's Qin Dance in Tsinghua Bamboo Slips

作　　者：俞艳庭[1] 

机构地区：[1]济南大学文学院,山东济南250022

出　　处：《济南大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第5期79-89,共11页Journal of University of Jinan:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目"两汉学术思潮与群经谱系研究"(项目编号:12BZW028);山东省社科规划研究项目"三家〈诗〉佚文遗说辑佚史"(项目编号:09CWXZ12)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：《周公之琴舞》组诗表达了周公对成王的训诫及成王身为"需(孺)子"对周公训诫的信任两方面内容,要达成的政治目的,一是周公摄政的地位得到尊重,西周政权得以巩固;二是成王作为天子的身份不容挑战。周公制郊祀,立明堂而产生"天子行孝,四夷和平"的政治效应,其历史业绩突出表现为"孝治",这可为理解周公所作《多士儆毖》中对于"孝"的强调提供一个思路。"琴舞"中成王所作"元纳启"部分,称"文非易帀",而传世文献《诗经·周颂·敬之》相近部分则作"命不易哉",联系先秦与汉代文献中所称的质家亲亲而兄终弟及,文家尊尊而重世子,质文相复的历史观,则"文非易帀"实际上暗含着成王对于自己作为武王嫡长子继位的合法性的申明。《周公之琴舞》充分发挥了歌诗所特有的巫术功能,并借助"琴舞"的独特功效,强化了上述政治理念。嫡长子继承制由此确立,并成为"百王不易之制"。ZHOU Gong’s Qin Dance suite poems expresses ZHOU Gong’s admonition to King Cheng and King Cheng’s trust to ZHOU Gong’s admonition as a child.The first political purpose is respecting ZHOU Gong as prince regent to enhance regime of the Western Zhou Dynasty.The other one is expressing King Cheng as the emperor can not be challenged.ZHOU Gong created outskirts sacrifice and Ming Tang which realized political effects that emperors practiced Xiao and peace in the world came true.His historical achievements highlights in filial doctrine in ruling the world which can provide new clue to understand ZHOU Gong’s Duo Shi Jing Bi.Yuan Na Ji created by King Cheng in Qin Dance expresses as'wen fei yi bi'.Similar expression in corresponding handed-down documents is'ming bu yi zai'.If we connect the expression in the documents from the pre-Qin period and Han Dynasty,we can find the expression'wen fei yi bi'indicates King Cheng is declaring his legality to inherit the throne as the eldest son.Witchcraft in ZHOU Gong’s Qin Dance as song poetry functions.ZHOU Gong’s Qin Dance also enhances such political ideas.The lineal primogeniture system is established and can never be changed.

关 键 词：西周 诗学 权力话语 神圣性 《周公之琴舞》 

分 类 号：K22[历史地理—历史学]