从公众觉醒到国家法制——论美国历史建筑保护中公众参与的角色及意义  

From Public Awareness to National Legality

作　　者：王众 顾方哲[2] 张博 

机构地区：[1]济南大学社科处,山东济南250022 [2]济南大学历史与文化产业学院,山东济南250022 [3]济南大学商学院,山东济南250022

出　　处：《济南大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第5期104-108,共5页Journal of University of Jinan:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金"美国历史建筑保护中社会参与机制及对我国的启示研究"(项目编号:14CGL057);国家社会科学基金"‘一带一路’建设对我国区域旅游承载力影响的评估与对策"(项目编号:16CGL022)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：民主化进程推动了美国社会制度的进步与完善,建筑遗产保护运动即属其中之一。美国的历史建筑保护最初是从民众层面发起的,形成了极具代表性的NGO组织——美国历史保护信托基金会。基金会的成立将国家层面与民间层面的保护力量紧密团体在一起,成为促进后来上至国家法制建设、下至民间公众参与的重要纽带。由此开始,美国逐渐形成了以区域(地区)为组织形式的遗产保护机制,代表性的如新英格兰历史协会、波士顿贝肯山市民协会等,有力地推动了美国建筑遗产保护事业的发展。综观这些组织的形成历程、社会角色、历史功能及组织形式等特征,可为我国建立文物保护领域的公众参与机制提供有益借鉴。Process of democratization promoted the development and improvement of American Social system.The protection of American historic buildings was involved in this process.The protection of American historic buildings was originally launched from the public level,and developed into the representative NGO organization,the?National?Trust?for?Historic?Preservation(NTHP).Its establishment combined the protection power from the state and the people,and had become an important factor to promote the national legal construction and public participation.In this way,the U.S.gradually formed the heritage protection mechanism from the regional aspects such as the typical Historical Society of New England and Bacon Hill Citizens'Association,Boston which promote the development of the protection of American historic buildings.Study on the U.S.formation process,social characters,historical function and organization form of these historic buildings protection organizations can provide experience for the establishment of public participation mechanism in our country.

关 键 词：公众参与 国家法制 美国 历史建筑保护 

分 类 号：K854.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]