基于发育阶段的日光温室有机基质栽培番茄水肥一体化技术  

Drip Fertigation Technology of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse Organic Substrates Based on Management Strategy at Different Growth Stages

作　　者：黄绍文[1] 唐继伟 殷学云 张怀志[1] 袁硕 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081 [2]甘肃省酒泉市肃州区蔬菜技术服务中心,甘肃肃州735000

出　　处：《中国果菜》2017年第9期52-54,60,共4页China Fruit & Vegetable

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201000);山东省重点研发计划项目(2017CXGC0206);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203095)资助

摘　　要：水肥一体化技术是未来农业生产中具有广阔前景的新技术,设施蔬菜最具潜力发展水肥一体化技术。日光温室基质栽培番茄水肥一体化技术的核心是借助压力灌溉系统,将完全水溶性固体肥料或液体肥料,按日光温室基质栽培番茄生长各阶段对养分的需求和基质养分的供给状况配兑成肥液,与灌溉水融为一体,适时、定量、均匀、准确地输送到日光温室番茄的根部基质。本文简要介绍了基于发育阶段的日光温室基质栽培番茄水肥一体化技术要点,主要包括施肥总量的推荐、基肥用量的确定、滴灌水量的运筹方案、滴灌追肥的运筹方案等内容。该技术节水40%以上,减施化肥30%以上,提高氮肥利用率40%以上,增产10%以上,增收15%以上。Drip fertigation technology, as a new technology with broad prospects for future agriculture, has the most development potential in greenhouse vegetable production. The drip fertigation technology is developed to supply needed nutrients to tomato cultivated in greenhouse organic substrates through an automatic drip irrigation system with water soluble fertilizers to be completely desolved in the irrigation water, and supply the water and fertilizers to tomato roots timely, quantitatively, evenly and precisely. The nutrients application rates were determined by demands of tomato at different growth stages and nutrient supply capacity of the organic substrates. This paper summarized the key points of drip fertigation technology of tomato cultivated in greenhouse organic substrates based on different growth stages, mainly including such as the recommended method of fertilization amount, method for determining the basal fertilization rate, drip irrigation water management plan, and drip irrigation top-dressing fertilizer management scheme. Compared with conventional water and fertilizer management, the fertigation technique could save more than 40% of water and more than30% of chemical fertilizers, at the same time, accompanied by respectively increasing yield and income by more than 10%and 15%, and improved nitrogen recovery rate over 40%.

关 键 词：日光温室有机基质栽培番茄 水肥一体化技术 发育阶段 施肥量推荐方法 滴灌专用肥 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]