橡胶林种植对白蚁群落结构和多样性的影响  

Effects of rubber plantation on structure and diversity of termite community

作　　者：林小兵 刘胜杰 肖海峰[1] 夏尚文[1] 杨效东[1] LIN Xiao- bing LIU Sheng-jie XIAO Hai-feng XIA Shang-wen YANG Xiao-dong(Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, Yunnan, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China）.)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室,云南勐仑666303 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第10期2847-2854,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：云南省重点基金项目(2016FA017);中国科学院"西部之光"项目资助

摘　　要：采用样带法对西双版纳纳板河自然保护区自然林(热带雨林和常绿阔叶林)和橡胶林白蚁群落进行了调查,探讨了橡胶林种植对白蚁群落结构、食性类群组成和多样性的影响。结果表明:(1)在3种森林类型中,共收集白蚁样本397份,隶属于2科10属20种,热带性白蚁种属组成突出;(2)季节对白蚁群落多度和丰富度有显著影响,总体表现为雨季高于旱季;(3)自然林中白蚁多度、丰富度和多样性指数显著高于单一橡胶林,且橡胶林中白蚁稀有种数量显著减少,同时土木食性白蚁的数量比例显著低于自然林,而木食性白蚁比例增加。研究认为,热带地区大面积单一橡胶林种植可对"生态系统工程师"白蚁群落结构和多样性产生较大的负面影响,应重视发展复合橡胶林模式保护白蚁生物多样性。In this study,we investigated the termite community in natural forests（tropical rain forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest） and rubber plantation in Nabanhe Natural Reserve in Xishuangbanna,and explored the effects of rubber plantation on termite community structure,feeding group composition and diversity.The results are as follows：（1） A total of 397 samples of termites were collected in the three forest types,and 20 species of termites were identified belonging to 2 families and 10 genera.The dominant species were tropical termites;（2） Season was an important factor affecting the termite community,and the diversity of termites in the rainy season was higher than that in dry season;（3） The abundance,richness and diversity index of termites in the natural forests were significantly higher than that of rubber plantation.For feeding groups,the proportion of soil-wood feeding termites in the rubber plantation was significantly lower than that in the natural forests,while the proportion of wood feeding termites in the rubber plantation was higher.Our results suggested that large areas of monocluture rubber plantations in tropical region have negative impacts on termite community structure and diversity.We recommend that polyculture rubber plantations as the alternative monoculture rubber plantations should be developed to protect termite diversity.

关 键 词：白蚁 森林类型 橡胶林 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S718.7[农业科学—林学] S794.1