黔西南煤矿区村寨公路边地表灰尘有害元素风险评价  

Risk assessment of harmful elements in rural road surface dust in vicinity of a coal mining area in southwest Guizhou,China

作　　者：吕亚超[1] 王志康 秦樊鑫[1] 李英菊 李新丽[1] 李刚[1] LU Ya-chao WANG Zhi-kang QIN Fan-xin LI Ying-ju LI Xin-li Li Gang(Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological ang 550001, China School of Chemistry and University, Guiyang 550025, China）. Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiy- Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China）.)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学贵州省山地环境信息系统与生态环境保护重点实验室,贵阳550001 [2]贵州民族大学化学与生态环境工程学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第10期2933-2942,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21467005)资助

摘　　要：为了解煤矿区周边地表灰尘有害元素(Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb和Ni)污染状况,采集黔西南典型煤矿区地表灰尘36份,采用美国TCLP(toxicity characteristic leaching procedure)法提取有害元素并运用内梅罗综合污染指数法及H?kanson潜在生态风险指数法对其生态风险进行了评价。结果表明:TCLP法提取的灰尘有害元素含量占元素总量质量百分比为1.73%~21.12%;内梅罗综合污染指数评价结果为:Pb重度污染,As中度污染,Cr和Cu轻度污染,Cd和Zn处于警戒级,Ni属于安全级。潜在生态风险指数(Ei)结果表明:Cd达到强生态风险等级,As达到中等水平,其他有害元素均处于轻微生态风险水平;而综合潜在生态风险指数RI值为321.85,已达到强潜在生态风险等级。同时,利用SBET(simple bioaccessibility extraction test)法提取了灰尘样品中有害元素生物可给性含量,采用美国环保署人体暴露风险评价法对灰尘有害元素经口腔摄入造成的健康风险进行了评估。结果显示:灰尘中有害元素生物可给性含量平均值为7.32%~31.06%。人体健康风险评价结果显示:儿童及成人的灰尘有害元素致癌风险指数(TCR)分别为5.91×10^(-5)和2.15×10^(-5);对人体产生可耐受的潜在致癌风险(HQ)除As外,均不构成明显风险。儿童及成人的总非致癌风险指数(HI)分别为1.30和0.16,这对儿童会产生潜在的非致癌危害。综上,研究区村寨公路边地表灰尘中Pb、As、Cd造成危害的风险大,需引起有关部门高度关注。To evaluate the pollution of harmful elements（Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Pb and Ni）from road dust in vicinity of the coal mining area near rural area in southwest Guizhou Province,China,36 dust samples in rural roads were collected.The leaching contents of harmful elements were quantitatively extracted by the method of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure（TCLP）.Nemerow comprehensive pollution index（P） and Hkanson index were subsequently calculated to assess the ecological risk.The results showed that the TCLP leaching contents of the total harmful elements were in the range of 1.73%-21.12%.Nemerow comprehensive pollution index（P） results indicated that Pb was at heavy pollution level,As at moderate pollution level,Cr and Cu at mild pollution level,Cd and Zn at the alert level,and Ni at safety level.The potential ecological risk index（Ei） results manifested that Cd achieved strong ecological risk level,As was at the medium level,and other elements belonged to the slight ecological risk level.The total potential ecological risk index（RI） value reached 321.85,which indicated a strong potential of ecological risk.Furthermore,the SBET（simple bio-accessibility extraction test） method was used to evaluate bio-accessibility of harmful elements in the road dust samples,and human exposure risk assessment method adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency（USEPA） was used to estimate their health risk after oral intake.The results showed that the average bioavailability of harmful elements in dust were in the range of 7.32%-31.06%.For human health,total carcinogenic risk（TCR） indexes for children and adults were 5.91×10^-5 and 2.15×10^-5,respectively.The potential non-carcinogenic risk（HQ） index of the human body was not significant except for As.The total non-carcinogenic risk（HI） indexes of the harmful elements in road dusts for children and adults were 1.30 and 0.16,respectively,which may pose a potential non-carcinogenic hazard to children.In conclusion,the risk

关 键 词：地表灰尘 有害元素 生态风险 健康风险 黔西南 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]