“也”字句的单比与通比  

The Single Comparison and Pass Comparison of the “ye” Sentences

作　　者：储泽祥[1] 储一鸣[2] Chu Ze-xiano ChuYi-mino(Social Sciences Language Institute, Beijing 100732 Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430072)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732 [2]华中师范大学文学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《汉语学习》2017年第5期3-11,共9页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：2016年安徽省高校人文社科重点项目"基于大数据库的现代汉语多功能副词研究"(项目编号:SK2016A0003);安徽省哲学社会科学规划办一般项目"清代皖籍语文学家的语言学贡献研究"(项目编号:AHSKY2016D110)资助

摘　　要：副词"也"的基本作用是建立在主体认知对比的基础上,其语用表述的核心结构为"也"+动词或形容词性成分,语义特征表现为"[+单比]、[+类同]"或"[+通比]、[+类同]"。单比的句模为"甲(不)VP/AP,乙也(不)VP/AP;甲也(不)VP_1/AP_1,乙也(不)VP_2/AP_2;甲也(不)VP_1/AP_1,也VP_2/AP_2",句法规约是后项对前项的复制和语义顺延;通比的句模为"……,NP也VP/AP;SP,NP也VP/AP",接受零前提或表示周遍、强调、时段和频次等构式的规约。语用上单比侧重句内语境,通比侧重句外语境,语力后者强于前者。The adverb ＂ye＂ fundamental role is based on a comparison of cognitive subject, its pragmatic core structure expressed as ＂ye＋verb＂ or ＇）,e＋adj ＂component, semantic characterized by two states ＂＋ single ratio, ＋ similar ＂and＂ ＋ pass retio, ＋ similar＂; the sentence mold of single ratio is ＂A （not） VP/AP, B are （not） VP/AP; A also （not） VP1/AP1, B also （not） VP2/AP2; A also （not） VP1/AP1, also VP2/AP2＂, after the term of the statute syntax and semantics of the extended copy of the preceding paragraph; the sentence mold of pass ratio is＂ , NP also VP/AP; SP, NP also VP/AP ＂, accept the premise of zero or represent surrounding, stressed, time and frequency constructions statute; pragmatically focusing on a single sentence in the context, but pass sentence focusing on the other sentence, language force which is stronger than the former.

关 键 词：“也” 单比 通比 句模 语用 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]