和谐律管制下的“把”字句  

“ba” Sentence under the Control of Harmony Principle

作　　者：张则顺 ZHANG Ze-shun(School of International Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan Hubei 43007)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际教育学院/语言与信息研究中心,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《汉语学习》2017年第5期29-38,共10页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年项目"认知视野下的现代汉语预期义副词研究"(项目编号:14YJC740121);武汉大学2015年自主科研项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)"基于理想认知模型的现代汉语异态副词研究"(项目编号:410500004)资助

摘　　要：汉语"把"字句受语义和谐律和结构和谐律共同管制。语义和谐律由陆俭明(2010a)提出,认为任何语言的任何句子涉及的诸方面意义都要求彼此之间处于一种和谐状态。本文将"把"字句分为处置型、致使型和意外型三类,这三类"把"字句的构式义、动词义、"把"的宾语义、事件结果义以及语境义等在语义和谐律的管制下相互作用。受语义和谐律的启发,提出结构和谐律的观点,认为任何语言的任何句子都要追求结构的平衡与和谐。假设动词后存在一个"结构槽",一部分"把"字句的成因是由于句子的深层结构既有宾语又有处所补语,而一个动词结构槽无法同时容纳宾语和处所补语,因此将宾语向前移位,从而达到结构和谐的效果。The ＂ba＂ sentences are controlled by both Principle of semantic harmony and Principle of structural harmony. The principle of semantic harmony was proposed by Lu Jian-ming （2008）, and he argued that all the meanings involved of any sentence in any language should be in a harmonious state according to Principle of Semantic Harmony. The ＂ba＂ sentences can be divided into three types： disposal, causative and counter-expectation. The meanings of these three types of Ba sentences： Constructional meaning, verbal meaning, meaning of the object of ＂ba＂, event resultative meaning, contextual meaning are combined perfectly and interacting with each other under the control of Principle of Semantic Harmony. Inspired by Principle of Semantic Harmony, Principle of Structural Harmony is proposed. We believe that any sentence in any language should pursue the balance and harmony of structure. A hypothesis that there is one and only one constructional slot after a verb is suggested. That explains the formation of some ＂ba＂ sentences. The deep structure of the sentences have both object and complement, however only one structural slot after the verb structure. So the complement remains in the slot, and the object is compelled to raise to the front of the verb combining with the preposition ＂ba＂.

关 键 词：语义和谐律 结构和谐律 “把”字 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]