居家老年人的抑郁焦虑状况及影响因素分析  

Anxiety and depression state and their influencing factors in housebound elderly subjects

作　　者：韩学青[1] 张淑芳[1] 张燕波[1] 许天红[1] 牛雅娟[2] Department of Psychology Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China(Han XQ, Zhang SF, Zhang YB, Xu TH Second Clinical Department, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital ,Peking University Teaching Hospital ,Beijing 100096 ,China（Niu Y)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院心理科,100730 [2]北京回龙观医院临床二科 北京大学教学医院,100096

出　　处：《中华老年医学杂志》2017年第10期1120-1124,共5页Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

摘　　要：目的探讨本市居家老年人抑郁、焦虑状况，并分析引起抑郁焦虑症影响因素，为改善居家老年人的心理状况提供理论基础。方法整群抽样选取本市2个社区内大于60岁的365例老年人，采取调查问卷的方式，记录具有焦虑、抑郁的居家老年人的基本信息，并按照焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表的调查项目探究产生焦虑及抑郁状况的影响因素。结果单因素分析发现年龄、性别、文化程度、经济收入、配偶、慢性病、埔药、儿女探望的频率、亲朋好友的往来和生活环境的满意度均是居家老年人抑郁、焦虑重要的影响因素（均P〈O．05）；而患者参加社区娱乐和宗教信仰均不是居家老年人抑郁、焦虑的影响因素（P〉0．05）。多元同归分析发现女性（OR=1．432，95％CI=1．236～1．684，P〈0．05），低经济收入（OR=2．078，95％CI：1．675～2．412，P〈0．05），丧偶（OR=2．342，95％CI=1．857～2．769，P〈0．05），有慢性病（OR=2．078，95％CI=1．674～2．531，P〈0．05），用药（OR=3．056，95％CI=2.678～3．756，P〈0．05）、儿女探望少（OR=2.898，95％CI=2．475～3．425，P〈0．05），亲朋好友往来少（OR=1．965，95％CI=1．685~2．446，P〈0．05）是居家老人焦虑的危险因素。多元同归分析发现女性（OR=3．221，95％CI=2．674～3．853，P〈0．05），经济收入（OR=2．342，95％CI=1．768～2．754，P〈0．05），有慢性病（OR=2．078，95％CI=1．564～2．675，P〈0．05），丧偶（OR=2．223，95％CI=1．789～2．746，P〈O．05），儿女探望少（OR=2．987，95％CI=2．463～3．524，P〈0．05），亲朋好友往来少（OR=2．658，95％CI=2．242～3．168，P〈0．05），对周边环境满意度差（OR=1．765，95％CI=1．375～2．371，P〈O．05）是居家老年人抑郁的危险因素。结论社区中患有、抑郁焦虑症状居家老年人较多，年龄较大、文化程度�Objective To analyze the anxiety and depression state in housebound elderly subjects and their influencing factors so as to provide theoretical basis for improving the psychological status of the elderly. Methods Three hundred and fifty elderly patients aged ≥ 60 years suffering from anxiety and depression in two communities of Beijing were clusterly sampled and analyzed. The basic information of housebound elderly subjects with anxiety and depression was recorded during questionnaire survey. The influencing factors for anxiety and depression were explored by using the anxiety self-assessment scale and depression self-rating scale. Results Based on univariable analysis, the factors influencing anxiety and depression of the housebound elderly included ageing, lower cultural level, low income, infrequency of offspring visit and friends meeting, lost spouse, chronic diseases, many medications, and the unsatisfactory living environment（all P 〈 0.05）. However, the participating of entertainment activity and religious beliefs were not influencing factors（all P 〉0.05）. Logistic multivariate regression showed that women（OR = 1. 432,95%CI：1. 236-1. 684, P〈0.05）, low income（OR= 2. 078,95% CI： 1. 675-2. 412, P〈0.05）, thewidowed（OR =2. 342, 95 % CI ： 1. 857-2. 769, P 〈0.05 ）, chronic diseases （ OR = 2. 078, 95 % CI ： 1. 674- 2.531, P〈0. 05）, medication （ OR = 3. 056,95 % CI ： 2.678 3. 756, P 〈 0. 05 ）, less visit by children （OR = 2. 898,95%CI：2. 475-3. 425 ,P〈0. 05） ,less friends visiting（OR= 1. 965,95%CI： 1. 685 2. 446 ,P〈0.05） were risk factors for anxiety in the elderly. Meanwhile, women （OR = 3. 221,95 % CI： 2. 674 3. 853, P 〈0. 05）,lowincome（OR：2.342,95%CI：1.768-2.754,P〈0. 05）,chronic disease（OR= 2.078,95%CI： 1. 564-2. 675, P%0.05）, the widowed（OR = 2. 223,95 % CI ： 1,789-2. 746, P〈 0.05 ）, less visit by children （OR=2. 987,95%CI..2. 463-3. 524,P%0.05）,less friends visiting（OR=2. 658,95%CI：2. 242-3. 168,P〈0.0

关 键 词：焦虑 抑郁 危险因素 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]