2012-2016年无锡市水痘流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of Varicella in Wuxi,2012-2016

作　　者：修仕信[1] 王旭雯[1] 

机构地区：[1]无锡市疾病预防控制中心,江苏无锡214023

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第19期3467-3469,3474,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2012-2016年无锡市水痘流行病学特征,为制定水痘防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2012-2016年无锡市水痘监测数据进行分析。结果全市共报告水痘病例19 318例,年平均发病率60.04/10万,所辖7个县区均有水痘病例报告,发病率前3位为惠山区、滨湖区和新吴区。全年12个月均有病例发生,呈双峰分布,高峰分别为5-6月和11-12月。发病年龄集中在4-20岁间,占全部病例数的79.53%,男性病例数高于女性,男女性别比1.23∶1。发病人群主要集中在学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童,其中学生病例数最多,占全部病例数的51.94%。共报告水痘暴发疫情40起,涉及病例950人,每起疫情平均持续34.53天。5年间共使用水痘疫苗233689支,疫苗使用量逐年下降,年均疫苗接种率0.73%,而同期水痘发病率逐年上升,两者存在负相关。结论无锡市水痘发病率较高,建议适时调整免疫规划策略,将水痘疫苗纳入国家免疫规划,针对适龄儿童实施2剂次疫苗免疫接种,同时应加强教育机构的水痘疫情监测与应急处置。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Wuxi during 2012 -2016,and to provide scientific basis for varicella prevention and control strategy. Methods The varicella surveillance data in Wuxi during the period were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods. Results The reported number of varicella cases was 19 318 from 2012 to 2016,representing an incidence of 60.04/105. All seven districts were reported with varicella cases, but a high incidence happened in Huishan district,Binhu district and Xinwu district. Cases occurred in the 12 months of the year,with peaks from May. to Jun. and Nov. to Dec. Onset age was given priority to 4 - 20 years of age, accounting for 79.53 percent of all cases, and the number of males was higher than that of females with a sex ratio 1.23 ： 1. The main focus was on students, young children and diaspora children, especially the students which were 51.94% of the total cases. 40 varicella emergency public health events occurred,with a number of 950 cases and an average duration of 34.53 days. A total of 233689 varicella vaccines were used in five years and the annual vaccination rates were 0.73%. The vaccine usage decline year by year while the incidence of varicella rise,and there was a negative correlation between them. Conclusion The incidence of varicella is high in Wuxi. In order to control the varicella outbreak, it＇s better to adjust immune planning strategy timely and take varicella vaccine into national immunization programmes, with 2 doses of vaccine immunization for school - age children. At the same time, we should strengthen the monitoring and emergency response of education.

关 键 词：水痘 流行病学特征 免疫接种 

分 类 号：R181.23[医药卫生—流行病学]