四川省藏族中小学生视力特征分析  

Eyesight of Tibetan pupils and middle school students,Sichuan

作　　者：陈剑宇[1] 张丽[1] 蒋先雁[1] 邱滇香 付海霞[3] 曾婕[1] 周亮[1] 师春立 

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心环境与学校卫生消毒所,四川成都610041 [2]甘孜州疾病预防控制中心,四川康定626000 [3]阿坝州疾病预防控制中心,四川马尔康624000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第19期3512-3515,3525,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解和掌握四川省内藏族中小学生视力状况及年龄、性别和群体特征,为制定近视防治策略和措施提供基础。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取四川省7-18岁藏族和汉族中小学生,利用对数视力表筛查学生视力,采用卡方检验、趋势检验、秩和检验的方法,分析不同年龄藏族男女学生视力状况及及其与汉族学生的异同。结果共收集到7-18岁藏族学生视力数据2 619条,藏族学生视力不良检出率为49.83%,平均视力为4.79;低年龄段(9岁以前)藏族学生视力不良检出率高于汉族学生(其中8岁年龄=11.034,P<0.05),平均视力低于汉族学生(其中8、9岁年龄Z=-4.113、-2.424,P均<0.05),中高年龄段(12岁以后)相反;藏族女生视力不良检出率高于男生(=46.708,P<0.05),同时平均视力低于男生(Z=-6.453,P<0.05),与汉族学生一致;随年龄增加,藏族男女学生视力不良程度加重(趋势检验,P均<0.05),12-13岁视力下降幅度最大(Z=-2.918,P<0.05)。结论藏族学生视力流行病学特征与汉族学生不同,且整体视力水平较之以往已出现下滑,中高年龄段学生和女生是视力不良防控的重点人群。Objective To investigate the vision conditions among Tibetan primary and secondary school students in Sichuan province by age, gender and group characteristics, and in order to provide a scientific basis for myopia prophylaxis. Methods Primary and middle school students of Zang and HaM nationalities aged 7 - 18 from Sichuan province were selected by stratified random sampling and were surveyed through logarithmic visual acuity chart. Chi - square, trend test and rank - sum test were used to analyze the data of vision conditions of Tibetan and HaM pupils and middle school students. Results 2 619 pieces of data from Tibetan students aged 7 - 18 were collected. The rate of poor eyesight of Tibetan students was 49.83% ,and the mean acuity was 4.79. The poor eyesight rate of Tibetan pupils under 9 was higher than that of HaM pupils the same age （8 - year old group χ^2= 11. 034, P 〈 0.05 ）, and the mean acuity of Zang pupils under 9 was lower than that of HaM pupils the same age （ 8 - year old and 9 -year old group Z = -4.113, -2. 424, P 〈 0.05 ）. But the poor eyesight rate of Tibetan girl students over 12 was much higher than that of Tibetan boy students （ E2 = 46. 708 ,P 〈 0.05 ）, and its mean acuity was low （ Z = - 6. 453 ,P 〈 0. 05 ）. The conditions of poor eyesight of Tibetan girls and boys were getting worse with age （ Chi - square trend test, both P 〈 0. 05）, and the vision decreased most among Zang students aged 12 - 13 （ Z = - 2. 918, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Eyesight statuses are different between Tibetan students and the Hans. The eyesight condition of Tibetan students is worse than before. Girls and mid - age and high - age students should be the key population for poor vision prevention and control.

关 键 词：四川 藏族 中小学生 视力 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]