湖北省121所医院医疗废物管理现状研究  

Medical waste management in 121 hospitals,Hubei Province

作　　者：谢红艳 赖晓全 谭莉 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院医院感染管理科,湖北武汉430030

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第19期3542-3545,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：基于透明的医源性感染指标测量的基准研究;国家自然科学基金资助项目(71473098)

摘　　要：目的了解湖北省二级以上医院医疗废物的管理状况,发现问题并提出改进措施。方法依据相关规范自行设计调查问卷,并通过分层随机抽样方法抽取医院进行调查,最终获有效问卷121份。结果医疗废物的总产生量为0.51 kg/床日;医疗废物管理制度与培训,以及医疗废物分类、收集和运送相关各指标合格率均在90%以上;99.17%的医院有暂存间,但暂存间消毒设施和流动水洗手设施配置率仅为58.68%和54.55%;所有医院的医疗废物均交由医疗废物集中处置单位,且其中88.43%能在两天内进行转移;特殊医疗废物中使用后的一次性输液瓶的合理处置率为76.03%,化学性废液和含汞体温计等医疗器具报废时的合理处置率为36.36%和18.18%;处理医疗废物时针刺伤发生数平均为7.04人次/年,防护用品配备齐全率为71.90%,74.38%的医院有定期对职工进行健康体检,且99.17%有建立针刺伤报告制度和开展相关培训。结论此次调查医院医疗废物管理相关指标大部分较为规范,但医疗废物暂存间的配置以及部分特殊医疗废物的处置还待进一步规范和严格管理。Objective To ascertain the situation of medical waste management in level 2 or higher hospitals of Hubei Province, then find problems and put forward the improvement strategies. Methods The questionnaires were designed according to the correlation standards, the investigated hospitals were selected by stratified random sampling method, and finally, 121 valid questionnaires were obtained. Results The surveyed results showed that the quantity of average medical waste generation was 0.51 kg/bed day. The qualified rates of indicators relevant to the medical waste management system and training, and medical waste classification,collection and delivery were all above 90%. 99.17% of hospitals had temporary rooms, but the allocation rates of disinfection facilities and hand washing facilities were only 58.68% and 54.55% respectively. All the hospitals put the medical wastes to centralized medical waste disposal units to dispose of, and 88.43% of them could be transferred within two days. About special medical waste, the reasonable disposal rate of used disposable infusion bottle was 76.03% , and the reasonable disposal rate of chemical waste liquid and abandoned mercury thermometer was 36.36% and 18.18% respectively. The average number of stab wounds was 7.04 persons per year while dealing with medical waste ,71.90% of hospitals equipped with completed protective articles,74.38% conducted regular health examination to workers, and 99.17% established needle stab reporting system and conducted related training. Conclusion Most of the medical waste management in investigated hospitals was relatively standardized, but the reasonable disposal for medical waste temporary rooms and the management of some sneeial medical waste need to be further standardized and strictly managed.

关 键 词：医院 医疗废物 管理 调查 

分 类 号：R194[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]