2015年陕西省三大区域农村集中式供水水质监测结果分析  

Quality of rural centralized water supply in the Northern,Southern and Central regions of Shaanxi Province,2015

作　　者：孟昭伟[1] 雷佩玉 郑晶利 常锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第19期3627-3630,3635,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：基金项目:陕西省公共卫生检测监测服务平台(2016FWPT-12)

摘　　要：目的掌握陕西省不同区域农村集中式供水水质卫生状况,为进一步科学、精准的开展农村改水提供科学依据。方法于2015年3月至10月,对陕西省全部涉农区县的农村集中式供水工程开展卫生学调查和水质分析。数据按照关中地区、秦巴山区和陕北地区分别统计、分析与评价。结果关中地区水样达标率(64.89%)显著高于秦巴山区(33.45%)与陕北地区(33.45%)(P<0.05);关中地区、秦巴山区和陕北地区水源类型分别以深井水、溪水和浅井水为主;三个区域拥有消毒措施的供水工程占比均低于35.00%;关中地区、秦巴山区和陕北地区总大肠菌群的达标率分别为85.76%,36.46%和59.51%;菌落总数的达标率分别为94.09%,87.56%和74.28%。关中地区氟化物和铬(六价)的达标率分别为89.06%和97.70%;陕北地区氟化物、铬(六价)和硝酸盐氮的达标率分别为88.15%,88.15%和92.82%。结论微生物污染是影响陕西省农村集中式供水工程水质的主要因素。关中地区、陕北地区氟化物和铬(六价)等毒理学指标超标现象普遍。Objective To master the sanitary status of rural centralized water supply projects in different regions of Shaanxi Province,so as to provide a scientific basis for further scientific and accurate construction of rural centralized water supply projects. Methods From March to October of 2015, sanitary survey and water quality analysis were carried out on rural centralized water supply projects in the 104 agricuhural counties in Shaanxi Province. The data were statistically analyzed and evaluated according to the northern, central and southern regions. Results The qualified rate of water samples in the central region of Shaanxi province was 64.89% ,which was significantly higher than that in the southern （33.45%） and northern （33. 45% ） regions. The types of headwaters in the central, southern and northern regions were mainly based on deep good water, stream water and shallow good water, respectively. The proportion of water supply projects with disinfection measures in three regions was less than 35.00%. The qualified rates of total coliforms in central, southern and northern regions were 85.76% ,36. 46% and 59.51% respectively. The qualified rates of the total bacterial count in central, southern and northern regions were 94.09% ,87.56% and 74.28% respectively. The qualified rate of fluoride and hexavalent chromium in the water of central region was 89.06% and 97.70%. The qualified rate of fluoride, hexavalent chromium and nitrate nitrogen in the water of northern region was 88.15% ,88.15% and 92.82%. Conclusion Microbial pollution was the main factor affecting the water quality of centralized water supply projects in rural areas. Fluoride and hexavalent chromium and other toxicological indicators seriously exceeded the hygienic standard for water quality in central and northern regions.

关 键 词：农村 水质 卫生调查 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]