教育有助于提高农村居民的创业收益吗?——基于CHIP农村住户调查数据的三阶段估计  

Can Education Help Improve Chinese Rural Self-employers' Revenue?A Three Stage Estimation based on Evidence from CHIP Rural Household Survey

作　　者：温兴祥 程超 Wen Xingxiang Cheng Chao

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学经济学院 [2]江苏省行政学院经济学教研部

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2017年第9期80-96,共17页Chinese Rural Economy

摘　　要：本文运用中国住户收入项目(CHIP)2014年农村住户调查数据,实证考察了教育对农村居民自雇创业收益的影响。同时考虑教育的内生性和自雇创业的样本选择问题的三阶段估计结果表明,受教育年限每增加1年,农村居民的自雇创业年经营净收入显著提高18.6%。进一步,本文发现,农村自雇创业者和受雇者的年收入教育回报率不存在显著差异,而农村自雇创业者的小时收入教育回报率却显著低于城市自雇创业者。小时收入最能体现劳动者的劳动生产率,城乡教育质量的差距是解释这一差异的潜在原因。因此,在鼓励农村居民就近就地从事创业活动时,应同时采取能够提升农村教育质量的配套政策措施。This article uses the CHIP rural household survey data in 2014 to estimate the impact of education on self-employment return. The study takes into account both endogeneity of education and sample selection of self-employment. The results of a three stage estimation show that an increase in one year of formal schooling significantly increases rural self-employers＇ annual net revenue by 18.6%. The study further discusses the difference in return to education between rural self-employers and rural wage earners and that between rural self-employers and their urban counterparts. It finds that only hourly net revenue between rural and urban self-employers display statistically significant difference. Since hourly income is the most informative measure of labor productivity, that difference may result from the gap in urban-rural education quality. Therefore, the study suggests putting forward policies to improving quality of rural formal education along with encouraging rural entrepreneurship.

关 键 词：农村非农就业 自雇创业 教育回报率 农村劳动力市场 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]