地震应急避难所选址单目标与层次模型对比研究——以山东省荣成市为例  

A Comparison of Single-objective and Bi-level Location-allocation Model for Earthquake Emergency Shelters with the Case of Rongcheng in Shandong

作　　者：马运佳 赵秀娟[1,2,3] 秦连杰 梁埔君 周洪建 袁艺 徐伟 MA Yunjia ZHAO Xiujuan QIN Lianjie LIANG Pujun ZHOU Hongjian YUAN Yi XU Wei(Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education, Belting 100875, China Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs ＆ Ministry of Education, Beifing Normal University, Beo＇ing 100875, China Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beifing 100875, China National Disaster Reduction Center, Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing 100053, China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学民政部-教育部减灾与应急管理研究院,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875 [4]民政部国家减灾中心,北京100053

出　　处：《灾害学》2017年第4期189-194,共6页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：教育部-国家外国专家局高等学校创新引智计划项目(B08008);国家自然科学青年基金项目(41201547);国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAK05B02)

摘　　要：以最小化总疏散距离为目标,在同时满足距离约束和容量约束的条件下,建立了地震灾害应急避难所选址单目标模型和考虑人口分流的层次模型。层次模型中,上层考虑将行政村/社区居民疏散到距其最近的避难所,下层考虑将溢出人口分配至有容量剩余的避难所。以山东省荣成市为例,用改进的粒子群算法对构建的模型进行解算,并进行了对比分析。结果表明:单目标模型针对大区域的高维复杂问题,会面临解算难度大、耗时长、易陷入局部优解等问题,这是目前的优化算法尚不能解决的难题。而层次模型可以降低高维复杂选址问题的维度和复杂度。In this study,an single-objective and a bi-level models were developed and compared for the allocation of residents to earthquake shelters with the case of Rongcheng of Shandong province,China. The objective of the two models was to minimize the total evacuation distance with the constraints of shelter capacity and service radius. The upper level model used to allocate the evacuee to their nearest shelters; the lower level model used to reallocate the evacuee whose shelter had exceeded the capacity. The modified particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to solve the two models. And the comparison of solutions in these models was carried out. The results showed that the optimization algorithm has difficulty coping with a complex,high-dimensional problem,and it is time-consuming and tends to become trapped in local suboptimal solutions when applied to the single-objective model. By contrast,the bilevel model shows more desirable performance because it significantly reduces the dimensionality of the location-allocation problem based on a two-step-to-reach approach.

关 键 词：地震应急 灾害避难所 高维复杂选址分配问题 多约束 单目标模型 层次模型 荣成市 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]