产后母婴健康问题与对策  

Health problems and measures for puerperaes and infants during postpartum period

作　　者：杨清波 于慧萍 张高坤 朱秀丽 Yang Qingbo Yu Huiping Zhang Gaokun Zhu Xiuli(Community of Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanfiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China Insurance Department, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China Nursing Department, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China)

机构地区：[1]牡丹江医学院附属红旗医院社区,牡丹江157011 [2]牡丹江医学院附属红旗医院保险科,牡丹江157011 [3]牡丹江医学院附属红旗医院护理部,牡丹江157011

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2017年第20期2672-2674,共3页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

摘　　要：目的 通过产后访视对产后母婴健康问题进行调查分析,并采取相应对策提高产后母婴的健康水平.方法 选取2012年10月—2014年9月的产妇398名和新生儿作为研究对象,分别于产后7 d、14 d和28 d进行常规产后访视和护理指导,并针对母婴健康问题进行分析,制订个性化访视方案,主要为调整访视时间表,并加强对常见问题的应对性护理指导.随后选取2015年1—12月的产妇136名和新生儿作为研究对象,应用个性化访视方案进行产后访视和护理指导.结果 产妇健康问题主要发生于产后14 d内,包括乳房涨痛、痔疮和手术创口愈合不良;新生儿的健康问题亦主要发生于产后14 d内,包括臀红、湿疹和消化不良.采用个性化访视方案后,与常规访视方案组相比,产妇的心理健康问题、乳房涨痛、便秘问题发生率下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;新生儿消化不良、母乳喂养困难、湿疹和臀红的发生比例都明显下降,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 个性化产后母婴访视方案能够明显改善母婴的健康状况,提高产后母婴的生活质量.Objective To investigate and analyze health problems for puerperaes and infants during postpartum period by postpartum visits, and to resolve these problems using corresponding measures to improve their health condition.Methods From October 2012 to September 2014, totals of 398 puerperaes and their neonates were selected. Routine postpartum visits and guidance were conducted to them on the 7th day, 14th day and 28th day after delivery. Their health problems were analyzed, based on which, personalized visiting measures were made, including adjusting visiting schedule, and emphasizing targeted instruction to common problems. After that, from January 2015 to December 2015, totals of 136 puerperaes and their neonates were visited and guided using personalized visiting scheme.Results Health problems of puerperaes mainly happened within the first 14 days of postpartum period, including breast distending pain, hemorrhoid and undesirable healing of tresis vulnus; also, health issues of neonates usually happened within the first 14 days after birth, including red hip, eczema and dyspepsia. After implementation of the personalized visiting scheme, the incidence of mental health problems, breast distending pain and astriction in puerperaes decreased （P〈0.05）, and the incidence of dyspepsia, breastfeeding difficulties, eczema and red hip in neonates decreased compared with routine postpartum visits（P〈0.05）.Conclusions By implementing individualized visiting scheme during postpartum period, health status of puerperaes and infants can be obviously improved, and their quality of life can be also enhanced.

关 键 词：产妇卫生保健服务 新生儿护理 产后访视 健康问题 

分 类 号：R473.71[医药卫生—护理学]