四种主栽切花菊品种的养分吸收特征  

Nutrient requirement characteristics of four cut-chrysanthemum cultivars

作　　者：李淼[1] 赵平[1] 姜蓉[1] 汤利[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2017年第5期1394-1401,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：公益性行业科研专项(201103003;201103004);云南省生态文明建设专项资助

摘　　要：【目的】为明确不同切花菊品种的养分需求特性,本研究选取4种引进主栽品种对其养分需求特性进行比较,以期为设施切花菊科学施肥提供理论依据和指导。【方法】采用切花菊品种蒙娜丽莎白、乒乓白、罗马红和丹特紫为材料,在云南富民丰岛花卉设施大棚中进行田间试验。于菊花移栽后15 d(根生长期)、30 d(茎生长期)、45 d(花芽分化期)、60 d(现蕾期)和80 d(收获期)进行采样,测定植株干重及氮磷钾含量,于收获期测定观赏性状。【结果】四种切花菊品种干物质累积和养分吸收存在显著差异。罗马红和丹特紫的地上部干物质累积平均为634.63 g/m^2,显著高于其他2个品种;丹特紫的地下部干物质累积量和鲜重显著高于其他3个品种,分别为50.5 g/m^2、67.10 g/plant;乒乓白地下部干物质累积量相对较低,为丹特紫的61.9%,鲜重以蒙娜丽莎白相对较低,为47.32 g/plant。蒙娜丽莎白和罗马红氮、钾累积量均显著高于乒乓白和丹特紫。罗马红磷累积量显著高于蒙娜丽莎白和丹特紫,而乒乓白磷累积量略低于罗马红,差异不显著。四个菊花品种的N、P_2O_5、K2O阶段累积速率最快的时期均出现在30~45 d(茎生长期~花芽分化期)和45~60 d(花芽分化期~现蕾期),养分需求量平均为N 4.40 g/m^2、P_2O_5 2.08 g/m^2、K_2O 7.35 g/m^2和N 4.53 g/m^2、P_2O_5 1.35 g/m^2、K_2O 3.62 g/m^2;在80 d(收获期),养分需求量平均为N 2.84 g/m^2、P_2O_5 0.69 g/m^2、K_2O 1.31 g/m^2,分别占总需求量的19.4%、13.5%、7.8%。【结论】不同品种切花菊氮磷钾的吸收、累积和分配存在着显著性差异,4个主栽切花菊品种养分需求量以罗马红最高,乒乓白最低。蒙娜丽莎白和罗马红氮、钾累积量均显著高于乒乓白和丹特紫。罗马红磷累积量显著高于蒙娜丽莎白和丹特紫,而乒乓白与罗马红的磷素累积量差异不显著。对于切花菊罗马红,尤其应重视花芽分化期�[ Objectives ] This study compared the characteristics of NPK nutrition uptake, accumulation and distribution of four cultivars of cut-chrysanthemum under regularly fertilizing during different growth stages in field experiment to provide scientific theory of nutrition uptake and practical instruction of fertilization. [ Methods ] Four cut-chrysanthemum cultivars of Monalisa white, Pingpang white, Roma red and Dante purple were chosen as the experimental materials, a field experiment was conducted in greenhouse located in Fumin County, Kunming. The dry weight, the contents of N, P and K in different organs were analyzed after the seedlings were transplanted 15 d （root growth stage）, 30 d （stem growth stage）, 45 d （flower bud differentiation stage）, 60 d （squaring stage）, and 80 d （harvest stage）, and the ornamental traits in the harvest period were measured. [ Results ] The accumulation and distribution of dry matter and nutrients varied significantly among the cultivars. The shoot dry matter accumulation in Dante purple and Roma red was averaged 634.63 g/m^2, which was significantly higher than those in the other two varieties. The root dry matter accumulation and fresh weight of Dante purple were 50.5 g/m^2 and 67.10 g/plant, which were significantly higher than those in the other cultivars.The root dry matter in Pingpang white was only 61.9% of that in Dante purple, the fresh weight of Monalisa white was 47.32 g/plant, significantly lower than the other varieties. The N and K accumulation in Monalisa white and Roma red were significantly higher than in Pingpang white and Dante purple. The P accumulation in Roma red was significantly higher than those in Monalisa white and Dante purple, while the P accumulation of Pingpang white was similar to Roma red. The rapidest N, Pand K absorption and accumulation appeared in the 30-45 days and 45-60 days after transplanting, the demand for N, P and K were 4.40, 2.08 and 7.35 g/m^2 during the 30-45 days and 4.53, 1.35 and 3.62 g/m^2 during the 45-60 d

关 键 词：切花菊 品种 营养特性 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]