变压器空载合闸励磁涌流试验和仿真分析  

Excitation Inrush Current Test and Simulation Analysis of Transformer in No-load closing Switching

作　　者：刘玉[1] 张晶焯 鲁海亮[1] 蓝磊[1] 文习山[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学电气工程学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《高压电器》2017年第10期117-123,共7页High Voltage Apparatus

摘　　要：变压器在空载合闸时,由于铁心饱和,引起励磁涌流,可能导致继电保护装置误动作、引起过电压而损坏设备的绝缘。针对此问题,采用EMTP/ATP软件对单相和三相变压器空载合闸进行仿真,研究饱和变压器模型、BCTRAN模型和Hybrid模型在变压器空载合闸仿真中的适用性和准确性,并且对一单相变压器进行空载合闸试验,研究其在不同合闸角和剩磁下的励磁涌流波形,对照分析仿真结果的准确性。结果表明,饱和变压器模型无法考虑磁滞和剩磁,其计算结果和实际结果偏差较大;BCTRAN模型通过添加外部非线性元件仿真铁心磁滞特性,计算结果较为接近试验值,但计算波形和试验波形有偏差;Hybrid是基于对偶性原理的磁路模型,更好的体现了磁通在铁心柱、铁轭以及气隙的流通路径,能更为准确的仿真励磁涌流大小和波形,所以在在变压器空载合闸仿真中推荐采用Hybrid模型。Due to the iron core saturation, transformer switching in no-load situation will produce excitation inrush current, which may cause misoperation in relay protection device and overvoltage damaging equipment insulation. To research this problem, EMTP/ATP is adopted to calculate excitation inrush current of single-phase and three-phase transformer, the applicability and accuracy of saturable transformer model, BCTRAN model and Hybrid model in trans former no-load switching calculation are analyzed. And then a single-phase transformer is adopted to carry out no-load switching experiment, excitation inrush current waveforms under different switching angles and remanent magnetism are analyzed to check the accuracy of calculation results. The results show that saturable transformer model cannot con sider iron core hysteresis and remanent magnetism, the deviation between calculation results and actual results is big. BCTRAN simulates hysteresis features by adding external nonlinear element, which is comparatively accurate, but the numerical waveform cannot fit experimental waveform completely. Hybrid is magnetic circuit model based on the duality principle, which can reflects the flux flow path in core column, iron yoke, and air gap better, it can simulate the amplitude and waveform of excitation inrush current more accurately, so hybrid model is recommended in transformer no-load switching calculation.

关 键 词：变压器 空载合闸 励磁涌流 试验 仿真模型 

分 类 号：TM41[电气工程—电器]